Animals That Are Easy to Care for
This page gives a list of domestic animals,[1] also including a list of animals which are or may be currently undergoing the process of domestication and animals that have an extensive relationship with humans beyond simple predation. This includes species which are semi-domesticated, undomesticated but captive-bred on a commercial scale, or commonly wild-caught, at least occasionally captive-bred, and tameable. In order to be considered fully domesticated, most species have undergone significant genetic, behavioural and morphological changes from their wild ancestors, while others have changed very little from their wild ancestors despite hundreds or thousands of years of potential selective breeding. A number of factors determine how quickly any changes may occur in a species, but there is not always a desire to improve a species from its wild form. Domestication is a gradual process, so there is no precise moment in the history of a given species when it can be considered to have become fully domesticated.
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Species and subspecies Wild ancestor Date Location of origin Purposes Image Degree and type of domestication Extent in the wild vs. captivity Taxon group Domestic dog (Canis familiaris)[3] Extinct Pleistocene population of the grey wolf (Canis lupus ssp.)[4] 13,000 BCE[5] [6] China,[7] [8] [9] 
Tame (with exceptions),[10] significant physical changes, probably significant behavioral changes as well Domestic and feral dogs both very common,[10] ancestor or nearest wild relative less common, but not rare 1c Carnivora Domestic goat (Capra hircus) Bezoar ibex (Capra aegagrus aegagrus) 10,000 BCE[11] [12] [13] Iran milk, meat, fiber, skin, horns, vellum, manure, guarding, fighting, racing, lawn mowing, weed control, clearing land, show, pets 
Slight physical changes Common in captivity, threatened in the wild, feral populations common 1b Bovidae Domestic pig (Sus domesticus) Anatolian boar (Sus scrofa libycus),[14] Northern Chinese boar (Sus scrofa moupinensis)[15] 9000 BCE[16] [17] [18] [19] China, Western Asia meat, leather, tusks, manure, guarding, fighting, racing, truffle harvesting, weed control, research, show, pets 
Some physical changes Common in the wild, much more common in captivity, feral populations common in some areas 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Domestic sheep (Ovis aries)[3] Unknown ancestor,[20] possibly the Armenian mouflon (Ovis gmelini gmelini) 9000 BCE to 8500 BCE[21] [22] Anatolia, Iran meat, milk, fiber, leather, hides, pelts, horns, vellum, manure, guarding, fighting, racing, lawn mowing, weed control, research, ornamental, show, pets 
Some physical changes Common in captivity, threatened in the wild 1b Bovidae European cattle or taurine cattle (Bos taurus)[3] [23] [24] Eurasian aurochs (Bos primigenius primigenius)† 8000 BCE[25] [26] China,[27] Western Asia meat, milk, leather, hides, fiber, horns, vellum, blood, dung, working, plowing, guarding, fighting, racing, draft, mount, soil fertilization, lawn mowing, weed control, show, pets 
Some physical changes Very common in captivity, wild relatives extinct, feral populations fairly common 1b Bovidae Zebu, Brahman cattle, indicine cattle or humped cattle (Bos indicus)[3] Indian aurochs (Bos primigenius namadicus)† 8000 BCE India meat, milk, leather, hides, horns, vellum, blood, dung, working, plowing, fighting, racing, draft, soil fertilization, lawn mowing, show, pets 
Considerable physical changes Common in captivity, wild relatives extinct 1b Bovidae Domestic cat or house cat (Felis catus)[3] North African wildcat (Felis lybica lybica)[28] 8000–7500 BCE[28] the Near East meat, pelts, pest control, research, show, pets 
Tame, some physical changes Very abundant in captivity; true wildcat species less abundant, though not rare, feral populations very common 1c Carnivora Domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) Indian red junglefowl (Gallus gallus murghi) with some contribution from the grey junglefowl (Gallus sonneratii) 6000 BCE[29] India and Southeast Asia meat, eggs, feathers, leather, manure, guarding, alarming, fighting, racing, pest control, weed control, ornamental, show, pets 
Some physical changes, considerable reproductive changes Very common in the wild and in captivity 2b Galliformes Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) Montane guinea pig (Cavia tschudii) 5000 BCE Peru meat, manure, racing, lawn mowing, weed control, research, show, pets 
Tame, slight physical changes Somewhat common in the wild and in captivity 1d Rodentia Domestic donkey or domestic ass (Equus asinus) African wild ass (Equus africanus), including subspecies Nubian (E. a. africanus) and Somali wild ass (E. a. somaliensis)[30] 5000 BCE[31] [32] Nubia meat, milk, manure, working, plowing, guarding, racing, draft, pack, mount, lawn mowing, weed control, show, pets 
Slight physical changes Somewhat common in captivity and as feral populations, wild relatives critically endangered 1e Other mammals Domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) Common mallard (Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos) 4000 BCE China meat, eggs, feathers, manure, guarding, pest control, weed control, ornamental, show, pets 
Considerable physical changes Common in captivity, but more abundant in the wild 2a Anseriformes Domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)[3] Wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee) 4000 BCE India, China, the Philippines meat, milk, horns, dung, working, plowing, fighting, racing, draft, mount, lawn mowing, show 
Mainly unchanged from the wild animal Common in captivity, endangered in the wild 1b Bovidae Dromedary or Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius)[33] 4000 BCE Arabia, the Horn of Africa meat, milk, urine, racing, hunting, pack, mount, show, pets 
Tame, few physical changes Moderately common in captivity, small feral population in original range, significant feral population in Australia, truly wild dromedaries may be extinct 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) including subspecies German (A. m. mellifera), Italian (A. m. ligustica), Carniolan (A. m. carnica), Caucasian (A. m. caucasia), Greek (A. m. cecropia), Saharan (A. m. sahariensis) and Egyptian honey bees (A. m. lamarckii) - 4000 BCE (the modern era for A. m. mellifera, the 1880s for A. m. ligustica, uncertain for A. m. carnica, A. m. caucasia, A. m. cecropia, A. m. sahariensis and A. m. lamarckii) Europe (including Germany, Italy, Greece, Slovenia and the United Kingdom), Georgia, North Africa honey, wax, propolis, bee brood, royal jelly, venom, pollen, pollination, research 
Some physical and behavioral changes, actual domestication status is still a point of contention[34] Very common in captivity, feral populations common, extent of status in the wild unclear; see Western honey bee for details 6a Hymenoptera Domestic horse (Equus caballus) Extinct unknown population of the wild horse (Equus ferus), possibly the tarpan or European wild horse (E. f. ferus)†[35] 3500 BCE[36] Kazakhstan milk, meat, hair, manure, working, plowing, fighting, racing, servicing, guiding, draft, pack, mount, execution, lawn mowing, weed control, show, pets 
Tame, some physical changes, mainly in colouration Common in captivity, very rare in the wild, feral populations common 1e Other mammals Domestic silkmoth (Bombyx mori) Wild silkmoth (Bombyx mandarina) 3000 BCE China silk, animal feed, pets 
Tame/held in captivity, some physical changes Fairly common in captivity, extent of status in the wild unclear 6b Other insects Domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) Rock dove (Columba livia) 3000 BCE the Mediterranean Basin meat, manure, racing, messenger, ornamental, show, pets 
Artificially selected and bred into many varieties including meat breeds, racing/messenger breeds and fancy plumage breeds Relatively common in captivity, very common in the wild, feral populations extremely abundant 2c Columbiformes Domestic goose and domestic swan goose (Anser anser domesticus and Anser cygnoides domesticus) Greylag goose (Anser anser) and swan goose (A. cygnoides) 3000 BCE for A. anser, date uncertain for A. cygnoides [37] Egypt (A. anser), China (A. cygnoides) meat, eggs, feathers, manure, guarding, alarming, pest control, weed control, show, pets 
Considerable physical changes Common in the wild and in captivity 2a Anseriformes Domestic yak (Bos grunniens)[3] Wild yak (Bos mutus) 2500 BCE Tibet, Nepal meat, milk, fiber, horns, dung, working, plowing, guarding, fighting, racing, pack, mount, show, pets 
Tame, slight physical changes Fairly common in captivity; threatened in the wild 1b Bovidae Domestic Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) Wild Bactrian camel (Camelus ferus) 2500 BCE Central Asia (Afghanistan) meat, milk, hair, dung, pack, mount, show, pets 
Tame, few physical changes Moderately common in captivity, critically endangered in the wild 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Llama (Lama glama)[3] Guanaco (Lama guanicoe cacsilensis)[38] 2400 BCE[39] Peru, Bolivia meat, fiber, manure, working, guarding, racing, draft, pack, lawn mowing, weed control, show, pets 
Slight physical changes Fairly common in the wild and in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Alpaca (Lama pacos)[3] Vicuña (Lama vicugna mensalis)[38] 2400 BCE[39] Peru, Bolivia meat, milk, fiber, manure, guarding, lawn mowing, weed control, show, pets 
Considerable physical changes Fairly common in the wild and in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Domestic guineafowl (Numida meleagris domesticus) West African helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris galeatus) 2400 BCE[40] Africa meat, eggs, manure, guarding, alarming, pest control, show, pets 
Mainly unaltered from the wild population Somewhat common in the wild and in captivity 2b Galliformes Fuegian dog or Yaghan dog (Lycalopex culpaeus)† Culpeo or Andean fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) date uncertain[41] Argentina, Chile hunting, guarding, warmth, pets 
Tame, slight physical changes Extinct in captivity, but common in the wild 1c Carnivora Domestic ferret (Mustela furo) European polecat (Mustela putorius) 1500 BCE[42] Roman North Africa hunting, racing, pest control, show, pets 
Tame, slight physical changes Common in captivity, somewhat common in the wild, feral populations rare 1c Carnivora Domestic Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata domestica) Wild Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata sylvestris) 700–600 BCE[39] South America meat, eggs, feathers, manure, guarding, pest control, show, pets 
Tame, some physical changes Common in captivity, feral populations rare 2a Anseriformes Barbary dove or ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria) African collared dove (Streptopelia roseogrisea) 500 BCE North Africa meat, show, pets 
Slight physical changes Common in both captivity and feral populations 2c Columbiformes Bali cattle (Bos domesticus) Javan banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus) date uncertain Bali, Indonesia meat, milk, horns, dung, working, plowing, draft, show 
Slight physical changes Common in captivity, endangered in the wild 1b Bovidae Gayal (Bos frontalis)[3] Gaur (Bos gaurus) date uncertain Southeast Asia, Northeast India meat, milk, horns, dung 
Slight physical changes Somewhat common in captivity, threatened in the wild 1b Bovidae Domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo domesticus) South Mexican wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo) 180 CE[39] Mexico meat, eggs, feathers, manure, guarding, pest control, show, pets 
Considerable physical changes Common in the wild and in captivity 2b Galliformes Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio) 300 CE to 400 CE China racing, pest control, ornamental, show, pets 
Tame/held in captivity, significant physical changes Very common and abundant in captivity, extent of status in the wild unclear 5a Cyprinidae Domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus) Iberian rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus)[43] 600 CE[44] Europe meat, fiber, pelts, manure, racing, lawn mowing, weed control, research, show, pets 
Tame, significant physical changes Common in captivity, rare in native habitat, common in introduced range 1e Other mammals Koi (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) Amur carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) the 11th century CE Japan ornamental, show, pets 
Tame/held in captivity, considerable physical changes Fairly common in captivity, threatened in the wild 5a Cyprinidae Domestic canary (Serinus canaria domestica) Wild canary (Serinus canaria canaria) the 15th century CE the Canary Islands, Europe coal mining, fighting, research, show, pets 
Slight physical changes Common in the wild and in captivity 2d Passeriformes Society finch or Bengalese finch (Lonchura striata domestica) White-rumped munia or striated finch (Lonchura striata swinhoei) with some contribution from the Indian silverbill or white-throated munia (Euodice malabarica) unknown, may have been introduced to Japan sometime around the early 18th century CE[45] Japan pets, show, research 
Slight physical changes Fairly common in captivity; no longer exists in the wild 2d Passeriformes Fancy mouse a.k.a. laboratory mouse (Mus musculus domestica) Western European house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) 1100 BCE (China), then the 17th century CE (Europe)[46] China animal feed, racing, research, show, pets 
Tame, significant physical changes Common in the wild and in captivity 1d Rodentia Fancy rat a.k.a. laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica) Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) the 19th century CE[47] the United Kingdom animal feed, research, show, pets 
Tame, some physical and psychological changes Common in the wild and in captivity 1d Rodentia Domestic mink (Neogale vison domesticus)[48] American mink (Neogale vison) the 19th century CE North America fur, hunting, pest control, pets 
Tame, some physical changes Very small domestic population, wild relatives fairly common 1c Carnivora Domesticated hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris, A. algirus, Hemiechinus auritus and H. collaris) Four-toed hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris), Algerian hedgehog (A. algirus), long-eared hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus), and Indian long-eared hedgehog (H. collaris) the 1980s Central and Eastern Africa pets 
Slight physical changes Common in the wild, somewhat rare in captivity 1e Other mammals Domesticated striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) the 19th century CE North America pelts, pest control, pets 
Tame when captive-bred, significant physical changes Somewhat common in the wild and in captivity 1c Carnivora
Europe[6]
meat, leather, fiber, hunting, herding, guarding, fighting, racing, working, rescuing, guiding, policing, draft, pack, sport, service, therapy, narcotics detection, truffle harvesting, pest control, research, education, show, pets Tame (with exceptions),[10] significant physical changes, probably significant behavioral changes as well Domestic and feral dogs both very common,[10] ancestor or nearest wild relative less common, but not rare 1c Carnivora Domestic goat (Capra hircus) Bezoar ibex (Capra aegagrus aegagrus) 10,000 BCE[11] [12] [13] Iran milk, meat, fiber, skin, horns, vellum, manure, guarding, fighting, racing, lawn mowing, weed control, clearing land, show, pets Slight physical changes Common in captivity, threatened in the wild, feral populations common 1b Bovidae Domestic pig (Sus domesticus) Anatolian boar (Sus scrofa libycus),[14] Northern Chinese boar (Sus scrofa moupinensis)[15] 9000 BCE[16] [17] [18] [19] China, Western Asia meat, leather, tusks, manure, guarding, fighting, racing, truffle harvesting, weed control, research, show, pets Some physical changes Common in the wild, much more common in captivity, feral populations common in some areas 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Domestic sheep (Ovis aries)[3] Unknown ancestor,[20] possibly the Armenian mouflon (Ovis gmelini gmelini) 9000 BCE to 8500 BCE[21] [22] Anatolia, Iran meat, milk, fiber, leather, hides, pelts, horns, vellum, manure, guarding, fighting, racing, lawn mowing, weed control, research, ornamental, show, pets Some physical changes Common in captivity, threatened in the wild 1b Bovidae European cattle or taurine cattle (Bos taurus)[3] [23] [24] Eurasian aurochs (Bos primigenius primigenius)† 8000 BCE[25] [26] China,[27] Western Asia meat, milk, leather, hides, fiber, horns, vellum, blood, dung, working, plowing, guarding, fighting, racing, draft, mount, soil fertilization, lawn mowing, weed control, show, pets Some physical changes Very common in captivity, wild relatives extinct, feral populations fairly common 1b Bovidae Zebu, Brahman cattle, indicine cattle or humped cattle (Bos indicus)[3] Indian aurochs (Bos primigenius namadicus)† 8000 BCE India meat, milk, leather, hides, horns, vellum, blood, dung, working, plowing, fighting, racing, draft, soil fertilization, lawn mowing, show, pets Considerable physical changes Common in captivity, wild relatives extinct 1b Bovidae Domestic cat or house cat (Felis catus)[3] North African wildcat (Felis lybica lybica)[28] 8000–7500 BCE[28] the Near East meat, pelts, pest control, research, show, pets Tame, some physical changes Very abundant in captivity; true wildcat species less abundant, though not rare, feral populations very common 1c Carnivora Domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) Indian red junglefowl (Gallus gallus murghi) with some contribution from the grey junglefowl (Gallus sonneratii) 6000 BCE[29] India and Southeast Asia meat, eggs, feathers, leather, manure, guarding, alarming, fighting, racing, pest control, weed control, ornamental, show, pets Some physical changes, considerable reproductive changes Very common in the wild and in captivity 2b Galliformes Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) Montane guinea pig (Cavia tschudii) 5000 BCE Peru meat, manure, racing, lawn mowing, weed control, research, show, pets Tame, slight physical changes Somewhat common in the wild and in captivity 1d Rodentia Domestic donkey or domestic ass (Equus asinus) African wild ass (Equus africanus), including subspecies Nubian (E. a. africanus) and Somali wild ass (E. a. somaliensis)[30] 5000 BCE[31] [32] Nubia meat, milk, manure, working, plowing, guarding, racing, draft, pack, mount, lawn mowing, weed control, show, pets Slight physical changes Somewhat common in captivity and as feral populations, wild relatives critically endangered 1e Other mammals Domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) Common mallard (Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos) 4000 BCE China meat, eggs, feathers, manure, guarding, pest control, weed control, ornamental, show, pets Considerable physical changes Common in captivity, but more abundant in the wild 2a Anseriformes Domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)[3] Wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee) 4000 BCE India, China, the Philippines meat, milk, horns, dung, working, plowing, fighting, racing, draft, mount, lawn mowing, show Mainly unchanged from the wild animal Common in captivity, endangered in the wild 1b Bovidae Dromedary or Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius)[33] 4000 BCE Arabia, the Horn of Africa meat, milk, urine, racing, hunting, pack, mount, show, pets Tame, few physical changes Moderately common in captivity, small feral population in original range, significant feral population in Australia, truly wild dromedaries may be extinct 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) including subspecies German (A. m. mellifera), Italian (A. m. ligustica), Carniolan (A. m. carnica), Caucasian (A. m. caucasia), Greek (A. m. cecropia), Saharan (A. m. sahariensis) and Egyptian honey bees (A. m. lamarckii) - 4000 BCE (the modern era for A. m. mellifera, the 1880s for A. m. ligustica, uncertain for A. m. carnica, A. m. caucasia, A. m. cecropia, A. m. sahariensis and A. m. lamarckii) Europe (including Germany, Italy, Greece, Slovenia and the United Kingdom), Georgia, North Africa honey, wax, propolis, bee brood, royal jelly, venom, pollen, pollination, research Some physical and behavioral changes, actual domestication status is still a point of contention[34] Very common in captivity, feral populations common, extent of status in the wild unclear; see Western honey bee for details 6a Hymenoptera Domestic horse (Equus caballus) Extinct unknown population of the wild horse (Equus ferus), possibly the tarpan or European wild horse (E. f. ferus)†[35] 3500 BCE[36] Kazakhstan milk, meat, hair, manure, working, plowing, fighting, racing, servicing, guiding, draft, pack, mount, execution, lawn mowing, weed control, show, pets Tame, some physical changes, mainly in colouration Common in captivity, very rare in the wild, feral populations common 1e Other mammals Domestic silkmoth (Bombyx mori) Wild silkmoth (Bombyx mandarina) 3000 BCE China silk, animal feed, pets Tame/held in captivity, some physical changes Fairly common in captivity, extent of status in the wild unclear 6b Other insects Domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) Rock dove (Columba livia) 3000 BCE the Mediterranean Basin meat, manure, racing, messenger, ornamental, show, pets Artificially selected and bred into many varieties including meat breeds, racing/messenger breeds and fancy plumage breeds Relatively common in captivity, very common in the wild, feral populations extremely abundant 2c Columbiformes Domestic goose and domestic swan goose (Anser anser domesticus and Anser cygnoides domesticus) Greylag goose (Anser anser) and swan goose (A. cygnoides) 3000 BCE for A. anser, date uncertain for A. cygnoides [37] Egypt (A. anser), China (A. cygnoides) meat, eggs, feathers, manure, guarding, alarming, pest control, weed control, show, pets Considerable physical changes Common in the wild and in captivity 2a Anseriformes Domestic yak (Bos grunniens)[3] Wild yak (Bos mutus) 2500 BCE Tibet, Nepal meat, milk, fiber, horns, dung, working, plowing, guarding, fighting, racing, pack, mount, show, pets Tame, slight physical changes Fairly common in captivity; threatened in the wild 1b Bovidae Domestic Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) Wild Bactrian camel (Camelus ferus) 2500 BCE Central Asia (Afghanistan) meat, milk, hair, dung, pack, mount, show, pets Tame, few physical changes Moderately common in captivity, critically endangered in the wild 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Llama (Lama glama)[3] Guanaco (Lama guanicoe cacsilensis)[38] 2400 BCE[39] Peru, Bolivia meat, fiber, manure, working, guarding, racing, draft, pack, lawn mowing, weed control, show, pets Slight physical changes Fairly common in the wild and in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Alpaca (Lama pacos)[3] Vicuña (Lama vicugna mensalis)[38] 2400 BCE[39] Peru, Bolivia meat, milk, fiber, manure, guarding, lawn mowing, weed control, show, pets Considerable physical changes Fairly common in the wild and in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Domestic guineafowl (Numida meleagris domesticus) West African helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris galeatus) 2400 BCE[40] Africa meat, eggs, manure, guarding, alarming, pest control, show, pets Mainly unaltered from the wild population Somewhat common in the wild and in captivity 2b Galliformes Fuegian dog or Yaghan dog (Lycalopex culpaeus)† Culpeo or Andean fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) date uncertain[41] Argentina, Chile hunting, guarding, warmth, pets Tame, slight physical changes Extinct in captivity, but common in the wild 1c Carnivora Domestic ferret (Mustela furo) European polecat (Mustela putorius) 1500 BCE[42] Roman North Africa hunting, racing, pest control, show, pets Tame, slight physical changes Common in captivity, somewhat common in the wild, feral populations rare 1c Carnivora Domestic Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata domestica) Wild Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata sylvestris) 700–600 BCE[39] South America meat, eggs, feathers, manure, guarding, pest control, show, pets Tame, some physical changes Common in captivity, feral populations rare 2a Anseriformes Barbary dove or ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria) African collared dove (Streptopelia roseogrisea) 500 BCE North Africa meat, show, pets Slight physical changes Common in both captivity and feral populations 2c Columbiformes Bali cattle (Bos domesticus) Javan banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus) date uncertain Bali, Indonesia meat, milk, horns, dung, working, plowing, draft, show Slight physical changes Common in captivity, endangered in the wild 1b Bovidae Gayal (Bos frontalis)[3] Gaur (Bos gaurus) date uncertain Southeast Asia, Northeast India meat, milk, horns, dung Slight physical changes Somewhat common in captivity, threatened in the wild 1b Bovidae Domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo domesticus) South Mexican wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo) 180 CE[39] Mexico meat, eggs, feathers, manure, guarding, pest control, show, pets Considerable physical changes Common in the wild and in captivity 2b Galliformes Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio) 300 CE to 400 CE China racing, pest control, ornamental, show, pets Tame/held in captivity, significant physical changes Very common and abundant in captivity, extent of status in the wild unclear 5a Cyprinidae Domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus) Iberian rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus)[43] 600 CE[44] Europe meat, fiber, pelts, manure, racing, lawn mowing, weed control, research, show, pets Tame, significant physical changes Common in captivity, rare in native habitat, common in introduced range 1e Other mammals Koi (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) Amur carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) the 11th century CE Japan ornamental, show, pets Tame/held in captivity, considerable physical changes Fairly common in captivity, threatened in the wild 5a Cyprinidae Domestic canary (Serinus canaria domestica) Wild canary (Serinus canaria canaria) the 15th century CE the Canary Islands, Europe coal mining, fighting, research, show, pets Slight physical changes Common in the wild and in captivity 2d Passeriformes Society finch or Bengalese finch (Lonchura striata domestica) White-rumped munia or striated finch (Lonchura striata swinhoei) with some contribution from the Indian silverbill or white-throated munia (Euodice malabarica) unknown, may have been introduced to Japan sometime around the early 18th century CE[45] Japan pets, show, research Slight physical changes Fairly common in captivity; no longer exists in the wild 2d Passeriformes Fancy mouse a.k.a. laboratory mouse (Mus musculus domestica) Western European house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) 1100 BCE (China), then the 17th century CE (Europe)[46] China animal feed, racing, research, show, pets Tame, significant physical changes Common in the wild and in captivity 1d Rodentia Fancy rat a.k.a. laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica) Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) the 19th century CE[47] the United Kingdom animal feed, research, show, pets Tame, some physical and psychological changes Common in the wild and in captivity 1d Rodentia Domestic mink (Neogale vison domesticus)[48] American mink (Neogale vison) the 19th century CE North America fur, hunting, pest control, pets 
Tame, some physical changes Very small domestic population, wild relatives fairly common 1c Carnivora Domesticated hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris, A. algirus, Hemiechinus auritus and H. collaris) Four-toed hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris), Algerian hedgehog (A. algirus), long-eared hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus), and Indian long-eared hedgehog (H. collaris) the 1980s Central and Eastern Africa pets Slight physical changes Common in the wild, somewhat rare in captivity 1e Other mammals Domesticated striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) the 19th century CE North America pelts, pest control, pets Tame when captive-bred, significant physical changes Somewhat common in the wild and in captivity 1c Carnivora Due to the somewhat unclear outlines of what precisely constitutes domestication, there are some species that may or may not be fully domesticated. There are also some species that are extensively used or kept as pets by humans, but are not significantly altered from wild-type animals. Most animals on this second table are at least somewhat altered from wild-type animals due to their extensive interactions with humans, albeit not to the point that they are regarded as distinct forms (therefore, no separate wild ancestors are noted). Many of them could not be released into the wild, or are in some way dependent on humans.
Species and subspecies Wild ancestor Date Location of origin Purpose Image Degree and type of domestication Extent in the wild vs. captivity Taxon group Southern (Casuarius casuarius), Northern (C. unappendiculatus) and Dwarf cassowary (C. bennetti) - Pleistocene/Holocene boundary.[49] [50] New Guinea meat, eggs, feathers, pets 
Semi-domesticated. Three species extant but endangered in the wild. 2f Palaeognathae Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) including subspecies Sri Lankan (E. m. maximus), Indian (E. m. indicus), Sumatran (E. m. sumatranus), Bornean (E. m. borneensis) and formerly Syrian elephants (E. m. asurus)†[51] [52] [53] - 2000 BCE (uncertain for E. m. maximus, E. m. sumatranus, E. m. borneensis and E. m. asurus)† India, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Nepal, Borneo, China, Indochina, formerly Iran dung, working, hunting, fighting, racing, transportation, mount, patrol, worship, show 
Semi-domesticated (captured from the wild and tamed) Syrian subspecies extinct in the wild and in captivity; other subspecies somewhat common in captivity, but endangered in the wild[54] [55] 1e Other mammals Domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus domesticus) - 3000 BCE Fennoscandia, western Russia (possibly eastern Russia),[56] China, Mongolia meat, milk, leather, hides, antlers, transportation, mount, pets 
Semi-domesticated 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Gemsbok (Oryx gazella)[57] - date uncertain Southern Africa meat, hides, horns 
Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Arabian ostrich or Syrian ostrich (Struthio camelus syriacus)†[58] - date uncertain Mesopotamia meat, eggs, feathers, sacrifices 
Extinct in the wild and in captivity 2f Palaeognathae Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) - date uncertain the Middle East, Egypt meat, horns 
Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Dorcas gazelle (Gazella dorcas)[59] - date uncertain Egypt meat, hides, horns, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana)[60] - date uncertain Egypt meat, horns 
Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah) - 2320–2150 BCE Egypt meat, hides, horns, sacrifices 
Held/tame in captivity Small captive population, but nearly extinct in the wild 1b Bovidae Serval (Leptailurus serval)[61] - date uncertain Egypt pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Caracal (Caracal caracal)[62] - date uncertain Egypt, India, Southern Africa hunting, pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) including subspecies Southeast African (A. j. jubatus), Northeast African (A. j. soemmeringii) and Asiatic cheetahs (A. j. venaticus)[63] [64] - date uncertain Egypt, India, the Middle East, South Africa hunting, tourism, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Bubal hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus)† - date uncertain Egypt meat, hides, horns, sacrifices 
Extinct in the wild and in captivity 1b Bovidae Wood duck (Aix sponsa) - date uncertain North America meat, pest control, ornamental, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2a Anseriformes Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) - pre-modern China (date uncertain) China pest control, ornamental, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2a Anseriformes Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus) - date uncertain Egypt meat, eggs, feathers, guarding, ornamental, pets 
Held/tame in captivity Common in the wild and in captivity, feral populations very common 2a Anseriformes Bar-headed goose (Anser indicus) - date uncertain Central Asia, South Asia meat, eggs, feathers, guarding, ornamental, pets 
Held/tame in captivity Common in the wild and in captivity, feral populations somewhat common 2a Anseriformes Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon) - ancient Egypt (date uncertain) Egypt pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis)[ citation needed ] - 5000 BCE China pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Common (Genetta genetta),[65] Cape (G. tigrina), pardine (G. pardina) and rusty-spotted genets (G. maculata) - date uncertain Africa pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) including subspecies Chinese (A. c. cerana), Indian (A. c. indica) and Japanese honey bees (A. c. japonica) - date uncertain South Asia, Thailand, Japan, China honey, wax, pollination 
Held/tame in captivity 6a Hymenoptera Common fallow (Dama dama) and Persian fallow deer (D. mesopotamica)[66] - 1000 BCE the Mediterranean Basin, the Levant meat, hides, antlers, pets 
Semi-domesticated 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae European medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis)[67] [68] - 800 BCE Europe, Asia bloodletting, surgery, therapy, research, saliva, pets 
Captive-bred 7b Annelida Cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) - 700–500 BCE[39] Chile, Peru, Mexico dye 
Held/tame in captivity Very common in the wild 6b Other insects Indian (Pavo cristatus) and green peafowl (P. muticus) - 500 BCE (uncertain for P. muticus) India, Java meat, feathers, ornamental, guarding, pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity Fairly common in the wild 2b Galliformes Common hill myna (Gracula religiosa) - kept in ancient Greece, date of captive breeding uncertain Greece pets, talking bird 
Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes Rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri) including subspecies African (P. k. krameri) and Indian rose-ringed parakeets (P. k. manillensis) - classical antiquity (date uncertain) West Africa, India pets, talking bird 
Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Red deer (Cervus elaphus)[69] [70] including subspecies Caspian (C. e. maral), Norwegian (C. e. atlanticus) and Scottish red deer (C. e. scoticus) - ~0 CE China, Russia, Europe (including the United Kingdom), Iran meat, milk, leather, hides, antlers, velvet, pets 
Captive-bred 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Roman (Helix pomatia) and Turkish snails (H. lucorum) - 100 CE (uncertain for H. lucorum) Europe meat, eggs, shells, slime, pets 
Captive-bred 7a Mollusca Stingless bees (Melipona beecheii), (M. scutellaris), (M. bicolor), (M. quadrifasciata) and (M. subnitida) - 180 CE Mexico, the Amazon Basin honey, wax, propolis, pollination, pets 
Semi-domesticated 6a Hymenoptera White cockatoo (Cacatua alba) - the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE) China, Indonesia pets, show 
Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) including subspecies Triton (C. g. triton) and Eleonora cockatoos (C. g. eleonora) - date uncertain Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea pets, show 
Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Great (Phalacrocorax carbo), Japanese (P. capillatus) and neotropic cormorants (P. brasilianus) - 960 CE (uncertain for P. brasilianus) China, Japan, Peru fishing 
Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Mute swan (Cygnus olor) - 1000-1500 CE Europe (including the United Kingdom) meat, feathers, ornamental, guarding, pets 
Semi-domesticated 2a Anseriformes House cricket (Acheta domesticus) - the 12th century CE Southwestern Asia, China, Japan meat, animal feed, fighting, pets 
Held in captivity Somewhat common in captivity, very common in the wild 6b Other insects Common (Coturnix coturnix) and Japanese quails (C. japonica) - 1100–1900 CE Eurasia, Japan meat, eggs, research, pets 
Domesticated in captivity 2b Galliformes Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) - 1200–1500 CE Europe, Asia meat, eggs, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae Siamese fighting fish or betta (Betta splendens); Akar (B. akarensis), giant (B. anabantoides), slim (B. bellica), Toba (B. rubra), spotted (B. picta), Krabi mouth-brooding (B. simplex), Penang (B. pugnax), peaceful (B. imbellis), emerald green (B. smaragdina), spotfin (B. macrostoma), and Howong bettas (B. unimaculata) - the 19th century CE (uncertain for B. akarensis, B. anabantoides, B. bellica, B. rubra, B. picta, B. simplex, B. pugnax, B. imbellis, B. smaragdina, B. macrostoma and B. unimaculata) Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo fighting, show, pets 
Held/tame in captivity, very significant physical and slight behavioral changes Common in captivity 5b Other fish Java sparrow (Lonchura oryzivora) - the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644 CE) China pets 
Non-wild coloration pied and fancy colored Java sparrows from long Asian captivity lines are hand tamable Threatened in the wild 2d Passeriformes Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) including subspecies masked bobwhite (C. v. ridgwayi) - date uncertain the United States, Sonora meat, eggs, feathers, pets 
Captive-bred, plumage changes 2b Galliformes European goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) - date uncertain Europe pets, singing 
Captive-bred 2d Passeriformes Red-billed leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea) - date uncertain China, Japan pets, singing 
Captive-bred 2d Passeriformes Indian grey mongoose (Urva edwardsii) - date uncertain India pest control, fighting, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Gambian pouched (Cricetomys gambianus), southern giant pouched (C. ansorgei), and Emin's pouched rats (C. emini) - at least 1997,[71] but possibly the early 1990s (uncertain for C. emini and C. ansorgei) Sub-Saharan Africa meat, landmine detection, tuberculosis detection, pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Indian palm squirrel (Funambulus palmarum) - date uncertain India pets 
Easy to tame 1d Rodentia Black (Francolinus francolinus) and grey francolins (F. pondicerianus) - date uncertain India, Pakistan meat, fighting, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Golden (Chrysolophus pictus) and Lady Amherst's pheasants (C. amherstiae) - date uncertain China ornamental, pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Common (Phasianus colchicus) and green pheasants (P. versicolor) - date uncertain Asia, Japan meat, eggs, ornamental, pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Sika deer (Cervus nippon)[72] - date uncertain China, Taiwan, Japan meat, hides, antlers, tourism, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Common eland (Taurotragus oryx) including subspecies East African (T. o. pattersonianus) and Livingstone's elands (T. o. livingstonii) - date uncertain Zimbabwe, South Africa, Kenya meat, milk, leather, hides, horns 
Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) [73] - date uncertain the southeastern United States meat, hides, teeth, blood, pets 
Captive-bred Both species once uncommon in the wild; captive breeding has led to the American species recovering across and repopulating much of its range, while the Chinese species is nearly extinct in the wild 3d Other reptiles Eurasian elk or moose (Alces alces)[74] including subspecies Alaskan moose (A. a. gigas) - date uncertain Russia, Finland, Sweden, Alaska meat, milk, hides, antlers, working, draft, mount, transportation, research, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Masai ostrich (S. c. massaicus) - date uncertain North Africa, West Africa, East Africa meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, mount, racing, guarding, pets 
Semi-domesticated 2f Palaeognathae South African ostrich (Struthio camelus australis) - the 19th century CE Southern Africa meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, mount, racing, guarding, pets 
Semi-domesticated 2f Palaeognathae Somali ostrich (Struthio molybdophanes) - date uncertain Kenya meat, eggs, feathers, mount, racing, guarding, pets 
Semi-domesticated 2f Palaeognathae Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) - the 1850s Australia pets, show, talking bird 
Plumage changes, some breeds are physically larger Fairly common in the wild and in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) - the 1870s Australia pets, show, talking bird 
Held/tame in captivity Common in the wild and in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Tian Shan wapiti (Cervus canadensis songaricus) - date uncertain Russia, China meat, leather, hides, antlers, velvet, pets 
Captive-bred 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae European mink (Mustela lutreola) - the 1800s Europe, Russia fur 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Coypu or nutria (Myocastor coypus) - the late 19th to the early 20th century CE Argentina meat, fur, aquatic weed control, pets 
Captive-bred 1d Rodentia Guppy (Poecilia reticulata);[75] Cauca (P. caucana), Amazon (P. formosa), sailfin (P. latipinna), shortfin (P. mexicana), liberty (P. salvatoris), common (P. sphenops), and Yucatan mollies (P. velifera); Endler's livebearer (P. wingei) Guppy (Poecilia reticulata); Cauca (P. caucana), Amazon (P. formosa), sailfin (P. latipinna), shortfin (P. mexicana), liberty (P. salvatoris), common (P. sphenops), and Yucatan mollies (P. velifera); Endler's livebearer (P. wingei) date uncertain Barbados, Brazil, El Salvador, Guyana, Mexico, Venezuela bait, pest control, research, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 5b Other fish Common fruit fly or vinegar fly (Drosophila melanogaster) - the 1910s Australia, South Africa research, animal feed 
Captive-bred 6b Other insects Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) - the 1920s China research, biotechnology, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Rosy-faced (Agapornis roseicollis), yellow-collared (A. personatus), Fischer's (A. fischeri), black-cheeked (A. nigrigenis), black-winged (A. taranta), and red-headed lovebirds (A. pullarius) - the 1920s (uncertain for A. roseicollis, A. lilianae, A. nigrigenis, A. taranta, A. pullarius and A. canus) Africa, Madagascar pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Rainbowfish (Melanotaeniidae; various species and subspecies) - the 1920s northern and eastern Australia, New Guinea, islands in Cenderawasih Bay and the Raja Ampat Islands in Indonesia pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 5b Other fish Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) - the 1930s Syria, Turkey pets, research 
Domesticated 1d Rodentia Turkish hamster (Mesocricetus brandti) - the 20th century CE Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Turkey pets, research 
Domesticated 1d Rodentia Long-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) - the 1930s the Andes fur, research, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Short-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla chinchilla) - the 1930s the Andes fur 
Raised in captivity Critically endangered in the wild 1d Rodentia Water flea (Daphnia magna) - the 1930s North America, Eurasia, Africa research, animal feed 
Held/tame in captivity 6c Other arthropods African (Xenopus laevis) and western clawed frogs (X. tropicalis) - the 1950s (uncertain for X. tropicalis) Southern Africa, West Africa research, pets 
Captive-bred 4a Anura Sea-monkey (Artemia nyos) - the 1950s the United States pets, research 
Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods Ball (Python regius), Borneo (P. breitensteini), Sumatran short-tailed (P. curtus) and Brongersma's short-tailed pythons (P. brongersmai) - the 1960s (uncertain for P. breitensteini, P. curtus and P. brongersmai) Africa, India, Sumatra, Borneo, Malaysia pets 
Captive-bred 3a Serpentes Burmese python (Python bivittatus) including subspecies dwarf Burmese python (P. b. progschai)[76] [77] - date uncertain Myanmar, Thailand, Bali, Java, Sulawesi meat, skins, medicine, pets 
Captive-bred 3a Serpentes Campbell's dwarf (Phodopus campbelli), winter white dwarf (P. sungorus) and Roborovski dwarf hamsters (P. roborovskii) - the 1960s Mongolia, Russia, China pets, research 
Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum); tiger (A. tigrinum) and barred tiger salamanders (A. mavortium) - the 20th century CE (uncertain for A. tigrinum and A. mavortium) Mexico, the United States research, pets 
Slight physical changes Critically endangered in the wild 4b Other amphibians Palm cockatoo (Probosciger aterrimus) - date uncertain Australia, Papua New Guinea pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Common leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) including subspecies Afghan leopard gecko (E. m. afghanicus) - the 20th century CE (uncertain for E. m. afghanicus) Pakistan, Afghanistan pets 
Slight physical modification Somewhat common in captivity 3b Lacertilia American bison (Bison bison) including subspecies wood bison (B. b. athabascae) - the 20th century CE (uncertain for B. b. athabascae) North America meat, leather, hides, fiber, horns, guarding, pets 
Semi-domesticated 1b Bovidae Companion parrot (Psittaciformes; various species and subspecies)[78] [79] - the 1980s and 1990s Australia, Africa, Asia, North America, Central America, South America, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Fiji pets, show, talking bird, ornamental, guarding, education, therapy 
Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Turqoise (Neophema pulchella), blue-winged (N. chrysostoma), and scarlet-chested parrots (N. splendida) - the 20th century CE (uncertain for N. chrysostoma and N. splendida) Australia pets, show 
Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Green and black (Dendrobates auratus) and yellow-banded poison dart frogs (D. leucomelas) - the mid- to late 20th century CE Guyana, Suriname, Brazil, French Guiana, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela pets 
Slight physical changes; loss of toxicity 4a Anura Common kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula) including subspecies eastern (L. g. getula), California (L. g. californiae), Florida (L. g. floridana), Mexican black (L. g. nigrita), and Brooks' kingsnakes (L. g. brooksi) - date uncertain Arizona, Florida, Mexico, California pets 
Held/tame in captivity 3a Serpentes Grey-banded kingsnake (Lampropeltis alterna) - date uncertain Mexico, Guatemala, Arizona, Texas, California pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 3a Serpentes Thayer's kingsnake (Lampropeltis mexicana thayeri) - date uncertain Mexico pets 
Captive-bred 3a Serpentes Milk snake or house snake (Lampropeltis triangulum) including subspecies eastern (L. t. triangulum), Andean (L. t. andesiana), Mexican (L. t. annulata), Pueblan (L. t. campbelli), black (L. t. gaigeae), Honduran (L. t. hondurensis), Nelson's (L. t. nelsoni), and Sinaloan milk snakes (L. t. sinaloae) - date uncertain Guatemala, Mexico, Honduras, Colombia, Puebla, Panama, Sonora, Florida, Iowa, Alabama, Indiana, Tennessee pets 
Captive-bred 3a Serpentes Corn (Pantherophis gutttatus), western rat (P. obsoletus), and grey rat snakes (P. spiloides) - the 1960s (uncertain for P. alleghaniensis, P. bairdi, P. emoryi, P. gloydi, P. obsoletus,P. slowinskii, P. spiloides and P. vulpinus) the United States pets 
Slight physical changes Somewhat common in captivity, common in the wild 3a Serpentes Muskox (Ovibos moschatus)[80] - the 1960s the United States meat, milk, wool, horns 
Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Siberian chipmunk (Eutamias sibiricus)[81] - the 1960s Russia pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Madagascar hissing (Gromphadorhina portentosa) and wide-horned hissing cockroaches (G. oblongonota) - the 1960s (uncertain for G. oblongonota) Madagascar pets 
Captive-bred 6b Other insects Eastern (Pogona barbata) and western bearded dragons (P. minor) - date uncertain Australia pets 
Slight physical changes 3b Lacertilia Central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) - the 1970s Australia pets 
Slight physical changes 3b Lacertilia Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)[82] - the 1970s China meat, algae control 
Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae Eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus) - the 1980s Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Salmon-crested (Cacatua moluccensis), blue-eyed (C. ophthalmica), red-vented (C. haematuropygia) and Solomons cockatoos (C. ducorpsii); long-billed (C. tenuirostris), western (C. pastinator), little (C. sanguinea) and Tanimbar corellas (C. goffiniana) - the 1980s (uncertain for C. ophthalmica, C. haematuropygia, C. durcopsii, C. tenuirostris, C. pastinator, C. sanguinea and C. goffiniana) the Maluku Islands, Papua New Guinea, Australia, the Tanimbar Islands, the Philippines, the Solomon Islands pets, show, talking bird 
Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis) - date uncertain Australia pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals Sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps)[83] - the 1980s Australia pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals Rankin's dragon (Pogona henrylawsoni) - the 1980s Australia pets 
Held/tame in captivity 3b Lacertilia Buff-tailed (Bombus terrestris) and common eastern bumblebees (B. impatiens) - the 1980s (uncertain for B. impatiens) Europe (including the United Kingdom), North America wax, pollination 
Held/tame in captivity 6a Hymenoptera Greater (Rhea americana) and Darwin's rheas (R. pennata)[84] - the 1990s (uncertain for R. pennata) South America meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, pets 
Semi-domesticated 2f Palaeognathae Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) - the 1990s Australia meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, guarding, pets 
Semi-domesticated 2f Palaeognathae Giant eland (Taurotragus derbianus) - date uncertain West Africa meat, milk, leather, hides, horns 
Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Common beisa (Oryx beisa beisa)[85] and fringe-eared oryxes (O. b. callotis) - date uncertain Kenya meat, leather, hides, horns 
Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Common degu (Octodon degus) - the 1990s the Chilean Andes pets, research 
Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus); Persian (M. persicus), Libyan (M. libycus), Shaw's (M. shawi), Tristram's (M. tristrami) and Sundevall's jirds (M. crassus) - the 1990s (uncertain for M. persicus, M. libycus, M. shawi, M. tristrami and M. crassus) Mongolia, Algeria, Iran, Libya, Turkey, Egypt pets, research 
Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Green (Iguana iguana) and Lesser Antillean iguanas (I. delicatissima) - the 1990s (uncertain for I. delicatissima) South America, the Lesser Antilles meat, leather, pets 
Captive-bred 3b Lacertilia Carpet python (Morelia spilota) including subspecies diamond python (M. s. spilota); coastal (M. s. mcdowelli), inland (M. s. metcalfei), Darwin (M. s. variegata) and jungle carpet pythons (M. s. cheynei) - date uncertain Indonesia, Australia, New Guinea pets 
Captive-bred 3a Serpentes Green tree (Morelia viridis), southwestern (M. imbricata), rough-scaled (M. carinata) and Bredl's pythons (M. bredli) - the mid-1990s (uncertain for M. carinata and M. bredli) Indonesia, Australia, New Guinea pets 
Captive-bred 3a Serpentes Red-tailed black (Calyptorhynchus banksii), yellow-tailed black (C. funereus) and glossy black cockatoos (C. lathami) - the late 1990s (uncertain for C. funereus and C. lathami) Australia pets, education 
Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Pin-tailed (Erythrura prasina), tricolored (E. tricolor), tawny-breasted (E. hyperythra), blue-faced (E. trichroa), red-eared (E. coloria), red-throated (E. psittacea) and Fiji parrotfinches (E. pealii) - date uncertain Malaysia, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Timor, Australia, the Philippines, New Caledonia, Fiji and Thailand pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes Gouldian finch (Chloebia gouldiae) - the late 1990s Australia pets, show 
Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes Australian green (Ranoidea caerulea), orange-eyed (R. chloris), leaf green (R. phyllochroa), mountain stream (R. barringtonensis), magnificent (R. splendida), Blue Mountains (R. citropa) and dainty green tree frogs (R. gracilenta); growling grass frog (R. raniformis) - the late 20th century CE (uncertain for R. chloris, R. phyllochroa, R. barringtonensis, R. splendida, R. citropa, R. gracilenta and R. raniformis) Australia research, pets 
Captive-bred 4a Anura Argentine (Ceratophrys ornata), Brazilian (C. aurita), Venezuelan (C. calcarata), Surinam (C. cornuta), Caatinga (C. joazeirensis), Pacific (C. stolzmanni) and Cranwell's horned frogs (C. cranwelli) - the late 20th century CE (uncertain for C. aurita, C. calcarata, C. cornuta, C. joazeirensis, C. stolzmanni and C. cranwelli) Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Suriname, Ecuador pets 
Captive-bred 4a Anura Crucian (Carassius carassius), Japanese white crucian (C. cuvieri) and Prussian carp (C. gibelio); ginbuna (C. langdorfii) [86] - the 2000s (uncertain for C. cuvieri, C. gibelio and C. langdorfii) England, Russia, Japan meat, research, pets 
Domesticated 5a Cyprinidae King quail (Synoicus chinensis) - date uncertain Asia, Australia pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Small-billed tinamou (Crypturellus parvirostris) - date uncertain South America meat, eggs 
Held/tame in captivity 2f Palaeognathae Red-winged tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens)[87] - date uncertain South America meat, eggs 
Held/tame in captivity 2f Palaeognathae Common (Corvus corax), white-necked (C. albicollis) and Australian ravens (C. coronoides); carrion (C. corone), hooded (C. cornix), American (C. brachyrhynchos), pied (C. albus) and house crows (C. splendens); rook (C. frugilegus)[88] [89] [90] [91] [92] [93] [94] - date uncertain Europe, Africa, India, Australia, North America pest control, research, show, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes Southern ground (Bucorvus leadbeateri) and Abyssinian ground hornbills (B. abyssinicus) - date uncertain South Africa, Ethiopia pest control, show, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Oriental darter (Anhinga melanogaster)[95] - date uncertain India fishing 
Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Southern (Chauna torquata) and northern screamers (C. chavaria) - date uncertain South America guarding 
Held/tame in captivity 2a Anseriformes Horned screamer (Anhima cornuta)[96] - date uncertain South America guarding 
Held/tame in captivity 2a Anseriformes Red-legged seriema (Cariama cristata) - date uncertain South America guarding 
Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Black-legged seriema (Chunga burmeisteri) - date uncertain South America guarding 
Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Golden (Aquila chrysaetos),[97]eastern imperial (A. heliaca), Spanish imperial (A. adalberti), wedge-tailed (A. audax), steppe (A. nipalensis), tawny (A. rapax), Bonelli's (A. fasciata) and Verreaux's eagles (A. verreauxii); African hawk-eagle (A. spilogaster) - date uncertain Europe, North America, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Africa, Australia falconry, intercepting, pest control, show, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Bald (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)[98] [99] and white-tailed eagles (H. albicilla); African fish eagle (H. vocifer); white-bellied sea (H. leucogaster) and Steller's sea eagles (H. pelagicus) - date uncertain North America, Europe, Russia, Africa, Australia falconry, intercepting, pest control, show, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Harris's hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi)[100] - date uncertain the United States falconry, pest control, show, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Northern (Accipiter gentilis),[101] crested (A. trivirgatus) and African goshawks (A. tachiro); Cooper's (A. cooperii) and sharp-shinned hawks (A. striatus); Eurasian (A. nisus), Ovambo (A. ovampensis), collared (A. cirrocephalus), Japanese (A. gularis) and black sparrowhawks (A. melanoleucus); besra (A. virgatus); shikra (A. badius) - date uncertain Europe, Asia, Africa, North America falconry, pest control, show, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo)[102] including subspecies western Siberian (B. b. sibiricus), eastern Siberian (B. b. yenisseensis) and Turkmenian eagle-owls (B. b. omissus) - date uncertain Europe, Russia, Turkmenistan pest control, show, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) including subspecies northern great horned owl (B. v. subarcticus) - date uncertain Canada pest control, show, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Tawny owl (Strix aluco)[103] - date uncertain Europe (including the United Kingdom) pest control, show, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus) - date uncertain Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, the Atlantic and Caribbean regions of the Americas meat, eggs, pest control 
Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Puna ibis (Plegadis ridgwayi) - date uncertain Peru meat, eggs, pest control 
Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Wild boar (Sus scrofa)[104] [105] including subspecies Indian wild boar (S. s. cristatus) - date uncertain Europe (including the United Kingdom), Thailand meat, leather, hides, tusks, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Celebes warty pig (Sus celebensis) - date uncertain Sulawesi meat, tusks, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Red-necked (Macropus rufogriseus),[106] tammar (M. eugenii) and Parma wallabies (M. parma) - the 2000s (uncertain for M. eugenii and M. parma) Tasmania, South Australia, Western Australia, New South Wales lawn mowing, research, tourism, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals Red kangaroo (Osphranter rufus)[107] - date uncertain Australia meat, leather, tourism, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1e Other animals Tiger (Dasyurus maculatus), eastern (D. viverrinus), western (D. geoffroii) and northern quolls (D. hallucatus)[108] [109] [110] [111] - date uncertain Australia pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals Smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata)[112] - date uncertain Bangladesh fishing, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Beech (Martes foina),[113] [114] and yellow-throated martens (M. flavigula); sable (M. zibellina) - date uncertain Europe, Russia, India fur, pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Fisher or Pennant's marten (Pekania pennanti) - date uncertain North America fur, pest control, research, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Least (M. nivalis), Siberian (Mustela sibirica)[115] and yellow-bellied weasels (M. kathiah); European polecat (M. putorius)[116] [117] - date uncertain Europe, Russia, India pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Greater (Galictis vittata) and lesser grisons (G. cuja) - date uncertain South America hunting, pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Patagonian weasel (Lyncodon patagonicus) - date uncertain Argentina, Chile pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Northern raccoon (Procyon lotor)[118] - date uncertain North America pest control, show, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora South American (Nasua nasua)[119] and white-nosed coati (N. narica) - date uncertain South America, Costa Rica pest control, show, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Ringtail (Bassariscus astutus) and cacomistle (B. sumichrasti)[120] - date uncertain North America, Central America pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Southern (Tamandua tetradactyla) and northern tamanduas (T. mexicana)[121] [122] - date uncertain South America, Central America pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals Lowland (Cuniculus paca) and mountain pacas (C. taczanowskii) - date uncertain Mexico, Argentina, Ecuador meat, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Malayan (Hystrix brachyura),[123]Sunda (H. javanica), Indian crested (H. indica), African crested (H. cristata), Cape (H. africaeaustralis) and Philippine porcupines (H. pumila) - date uncertain Vietnam, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, India, Africa meat, quills, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Chinese bamboo (Rhizomys sinensis) and large bamboo rats (R. sumatrensis) - date uncertain China meat, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Lesser bamboo rat (Cannomys badius)[124] - date uncertain China, Laos meat, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Desmarest's hutia (Capromys pilorides) - date uncertain Cuba meat, pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Steppe lemming (Lagurus lagurus) - date uncertain the Eurasian steppe pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Norway lemming (Lemmus lemmus) - the 20th century CE northern Fennoscandia pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Lesser Egyptian (Gerbillus gerbillus), greater Egyptian (G. pyramidum), pale (G. perpallidus) and pleasant gerbils (G. amoenus) - date uncertain Egypt, Libya pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Eurasian harvest mouse (Micromys minutus)[125] - date uncertain Europe pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Northeastern (Ctenosaura acanthura), black (C. similis), and Mexican spiny-tailed iguana (C. pectinata) - date uncertain Mexico, Central America meat, pets 
Captive-bred 3b Lacertilia Chinese cobra (Naja atra)[126] - date uncertain China venom, skins, pets 
Captive-bred 3a Serpentes Crimson rosella (Platycercus elegans) including subspecies Adelaide (P. e. adelaidae) and yellow rosellas (P. e. flaveolus) - date uncertain Australia pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Western (Platycercus icterotis), green (P. caledonicus), pale-headed (P. adscitus) and northern rosellas (P. venustus) - date uncertain Australia pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Eastern rosella (Platycercus eximius) including subspecies golden-mantled rosella (P. e. elecica) - date uncertain Australia pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Hispaniolan (Trachemys decorata), Colombian (T. callirostris), Cuban (T. decussata), D'Orbigny's (T. dorbigni), Nicaraguan (T. emolli), ornate (T. ornata), Jamaican (T. terrapen) and Meso-American sliders (T. venusta) - date uncertain Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic), Colombia, Cuba, Brazil, Uruguay, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Mexico, Jamaica pets 
Captive-bred 3c Testudines Pond slider (Trachemys scripta) including subspecies yellow-bellied (T. s. scripta), red-eared (T. s. elegans) and Cumberland sliders (T. s. troostii) - date uncertain the south-central and southeastern United States meat, pets 
Easy to tame Fairly common in captivity, common in the wild 3c Testudines Chinese softshell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)[127] - date uncertain China meat, pets 
Captive-bred 3c Testudines Chinese pond (Mauremys reevesii) and yellow pond turtles (M. mutica)[128] - date uncertain China meat, pets 
Captive-bred 3c Testudines Common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina)[129] - date uncertain Florida meat, pets 
Captive-bred 3c Testudines Golden coin turtle (Cuora trifasciata) - date uncertain China meat, pets 
Captive-bred 3c Testudines Wattle-necked softshell turtle (Palea steindachneri) - date uncertain China meat, pets 
Captive-bred 3c Testudines Keeled box turtle (Cuora mouhotii)[130] - date uncertain China meat, medicine, pets 
Captive-bred 3c Testudines Arrau turtle (Podocnemis expansa)[131] - date uncertain Brazil meat, pets 
Captive-bred 3c Testudines Saltwater (Crocodylus porosus), Nile (C. niloticus), West African (C. suchus), mugger (C. palustris), American (C. acutus), Cuban (C. rhombifer), Morelet's (C. moreletii), Orinoco (C. intermedius), freshwater (C. johnsoni), Siamese (C. siamensis), Philippine (C. mindorensis) and New Guinea crocodiles (C. novaeguineae)[132] [133] [134] [135] [136] [137] - date uncertain Florida, Cuba, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Africa, Iran, India, Thailand, Myanmar, Sumatra, Borneo, the Philippines, Australia, Papua New Guinea meat, hides, teeth, blood, fat, guarding, tourism, show, pets 
Captive-bred 3d Other reptiles Crimson (Neochmia phaeton), and red-browed finches (N. temporalis) - date uncertain New Guinea, Australia pets, show 
Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes Star finch (Bathilda ruficauda) - date uncertain Australia pets, show 
Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes Plum-headed finch (Aidemosyne modesta) - date uncertain Australia pets, show 
Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes Grey partridge (Perdix perdix) - date uncertain Hungary, the United Kingdom meat, eggs, feathers, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Red-legged (Alectoris rufa), chukar (A. chukar), Philby's (A. philbyi), Arabian (A. melanocephala) and Barbary partridges (A. barbara) - date uncertain France, Afghanistan, North Africa, Yemen, Oman meat, eggs, feathers, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Chinese bamboo (Bambusicola thoracicus) and mountain bamboo partridges (B. fytchii) - date uncertain China, India meat, eggs, feathers, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus) - date uncertain Nepal meat, eggs, feathers, ornamental, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Kalij (Lophura leucomelanos), Swinhoe's (L. swinhoii), Salvadori's (L. inornata), silver (L. nycthemera) and Edwards's pheasants (L. edwardsi); Siamese fireback (L. diardi) - date uncertain Nepal, Taiwan, Vietnam, Sumatra, China, Thailand meat, eggs, feathers, ornamental, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Red (Gallus gallus), green (G. varius), grey (G. sonneratii) and Sri Lankan junglefowl (G. lafayettii) - date uncertain India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Java meat, eggs, feathers, ornamental, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Scaled (Callipepla squamata), elegant (C. douglasii), Gambel's (C. gambelii) and California quails (C. californica) - date uncertain Mexico, Utah, California meat, eggs, feathers, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus) - date uncertain California meat, eggs, feathers, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae) - date uncertain Mexico meat, eggs, feathers, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Vulturine guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum) - date uncertain Ethiopia meat, pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Harlequin (Coturnix delegorguei), rain (C. coromandelica) and stubble quails (C. pectoralis) - date uncertain Africa, India, Australia meat, eggs, feathers, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Edible-nest swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus)[138] - date uncertain Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore nests 
Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Tarantulas (Theraphosidae, various species and subspecies)[139] - date uncertain North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia research, venom, pets 
Captive-bred Common in captivity, becoming rare in the wild 6c Other arthropods Crested (Correlophus ciliatus) and suras geckos (C. sarasinorum) - date uncertain New Caledonia pets 
Captive-bred Somewhat common in captivity, nearly extinct in the wild 3b Lacertilia Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris)[140] - date uncertain Florida meat 
Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals Roan (Hippotragus equinus)[141] and sable antelopes (H. niger)[142] - date uncertain South Africa meat, horns 
Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros),[143] nyala (T. angasii),[144] and Cape bushbuck (T. sylvaticus) - date uncertain South Africa meat, hides, horns, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Blue (Connochaetes taurinus)[145] and black wildebeest (C. gnou)[146] - date uncertain South Africa, Kenya meat, leather, hides, horns, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Bontebok (Damaliscus pygargus pygargus) including subspecies blesbok (D. p. phillipsi)[147] - date uncertain South Africa meat, hides, horns 
Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus)[148] - date uncertain India, Pakistan meat, hides, horns, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Scaly-breasted munia (Lonchura punctulata) - date uncertain Southeast Asia pets, research 
Slight physical changes Fairly common in the wild and in captivity 2d Passeriformes Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) - date uncertain India, Pakistan meat, hides, horns, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Chinkara (Gazella bennettii) - date uncertain India, Pakistan meat, horns, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis)[149] - date uncertain South Africa meat, hides, horns, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia)[150] - date uncertain North Africa meat, horns 
Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae African buffalo (Syncerus caffer)[151] [152] - date uncertain South Africa meat, leather, horns 
Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Collared peccary (Pecari tajacu)[153] - date uncertain Brazil meat, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae South African giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa) - date uncertain South Africa tourism, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Thorold's deer (Cervus albirostris)[154] - date uncertain China meat, antlers 
Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae White-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus)[155] and mule deer (O. hemionus) - date uncertain Virginia, West Virginia, Florida, Montana, Canada, Colombia meat, hides, antlers, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Chital or axis deer (Axis axis) - date uncertain India meat, hides, antlers, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Water deer (Hydropotes inermis) - date uncertain China meat, tusks, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Dwarf (Moschus berezovskii), alpine (M. chrysogaster), white-bellied (M. leucogaster) and Siberian musk deer (M. moschiferus)[156] [157] [158] - date uncertain China, India, Russia meat, hides, tusks, musk 
Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Guanaco (Lama guanicoe)[159] - date uncertain Peru fiber, guarding, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Vicuña (Vicugna vicugna)[160] - date uncertain Peru fiber, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)[161] - date uncertain South Africa horns 
Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)[162] - date uncertain South Africa horns 
Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals Fishing (Prionailurus viverrinus) and rusty-spotted cats (P. rubiginosus)[163] [164] - date uncertain India pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta)[165] [166] [167] [168] - date uncertain South Africa, Ethiopia, Nigeria hunting, guarding, waste management, tourism, show, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Common (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and Japanese raccoon dogs (N. viverrinus) - date uncertain China, Japan fur, pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnvora Red (Vulpes vulpes), Arctic (V. lagopus), swift (V. velox), kit (V. macrotis), fennec (V. zerda),[169] corsac (V. corsac) and pale foxes (V. pallida) - date uncertain Europe, North America, North Africa, Sudan, Central Asia fur, pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Grey (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and island foxes (U. littoralis)[170] - date uncertain the eastern United States, the Channel Islands, California pelts, pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis) - date uncertain Africa pest control, show, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous)[171] - date uncertain South America pest control, pets 
Easy to tame 1c Carnivora Eurasian (C. l. lupus), Iberian (C. l. signatus), steppe (C. l. campestris), Mongolian (C. l. chanco), Arabian (C. l. arabs), Indian (C. l. pallipes), Arctic (C. l. arctos), Greenland (C. l. orion) and northwestern wolves (C. l. occidentalis)[172] [173] [174] [175] [176] [177] [178] [179] [180] [181] - date uncertain Europe, Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, the Middle East, Canada, Greenland hunting, guarding, pest control, draft, research, education, therapy, tourism, show, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Coyote (Canis latrans)[182] - date uncertain North America pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Side-striped jackal (Lupulella adusta)[183] - date uncertain South Africa pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Meerkat or suricate (Suricata suricatta)[184] [185] - date uncertain South Africa pest control, research, education, therapy, tourism, show, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Common kusimanse (Crossarchus obscurus) - date uncertain West Africa pets, pest control 
Captive-bred 1c Carnivora Ruddy (Urva smithii)[186] and Javan mongoose (U. javanicus)[187] - date uncertain India, Southeast Asia pest control, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Kissing gourami (Helostoma temminckii) - date uncertain Thailand, Indonesia meat, pets 
Domesticated 5b Other fish Giant (Osphronemus goramy),[188] [189] giant red tail (O. laticlavius) and elephant ear gouramis (O. exodon) - date uncertain Southeast Asia meat, weed control, pets 
Captive-bred 5b Other fish Red-bellied (Pygocentrus nattereri), piraya (P. piraya) and black spot piranha (P. cariba) - date uncertain South America meat, teeth, research, pets 
Semi-domesticated Fairly common in captivity, common in the wild 5b Other fish Atlantic bluefin (Thunnus thynnus), Pacific bluefin (T. orientalis), southern bluefin (T. maccoyii), yellowfin (T. albacares) and bigeye tunas (T. obesus); albacore or longfin tuna (T. alalunga)[190] [191] - date uncertain Europe, East Asia, Australia, Hawaii, North America meat, eggs 
Captive-bred 5b Other fish European sea (Acipenser sturio), white (A. transmontanus), shortnose (A. brevirostrum), Persian (A. persicus), Siberian (A. baerii), Adriatic (A. naccarii) and starry sturgeons (A. stellatus)[192] [193] [194] [195] - date uncertain Europe, Alaska, California, Canada, Iran, Russia, Albania, the Aegean Sea meat, eggs, pets 
Captive-bred 5b Other fish Malabar (Epinephelus malabaricus), giant (E. lanceolatus), greasy (E. tauvina), areolate (E. areolatus), dusky (E. marginatus), wavy-lined (E. undulosus), six-bar (E. sexfasciatus) and orange-spotted groupers (E. coioides)[196] [197] [198] - date uncertain Asia, Australia, Fiji, South Africa, Italy, the Indo-Pacific meat 
Captive-bred 5b Other fish Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) - date uncertain Europe, Asia, North America meat, eggs 
Captive-bred 5b Other fish Masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) including subspecies amago (O. m. macrostomus) - date uncertain Russia, Japan, Korea meat 
Captive-bred 5b Other fish Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (S. trutta) - date uncertain Europe (including the United Kingdom), Alaska, Canada, Chile, Russia, Australia, Tasmania meat, eggs 
Captive-bred 5b Other fish Barramundi (Lates calcarifer),[199] Japanese lates (L. japonicus) and Nile perch (L. niloticus)[200] - date uncertain the United Kingdom, Poland, the United States, India, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Australia, Japan, Africa meat, pets 
Captive-bred 5b Other fish Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) - date uncertain the United States, Asia, Panama, Mexico meat 
Captive-bred 5b Other fish European bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) - date uncertain Europe meat 
Captive-bred 5b Other fish Milkfish (Chanos chanos)[201] - date uncertain the Philippines, Taiwan, Indonesia meat 
Captive-bred 5b Other fish Northern pike (Esox lucius)[202] - date uncertain Europe meat, eggs, research, pets 
Captive-bred 5b Other fish Alligator (Atractosteus spatula), Cuban (A. tristoechus) and tropical gars (A. tropicus)[203] [204] [205] - date uncertain North America, Cuba, Costa Rica meat, pets 
Captive-bred 5b Other fish Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) - date uncertain China meat, weed control 
Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) - date uncertain China meat, pest control, medicine 
Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) - date uncertain China meat 
Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae Giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis)[206] - date uncertain Vietnam meat, pets 
Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae Arapaima (Arapaima gigas)[207] [208] - date uncertain the Amazon Basin meat, pets 
Captive-bred 5b Other fish Wels catfish (Silurus glanis)[209] - date uncertain Europe meat 
Captive-bred 5b Other fish Iridescent shark (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and Mekong giant catfish (P. gigas)[210] - date uncertain Southeast Asia meat, pets 
Captive-bred 5b Other fish Flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus)[211] - date uncertain California, Colorado meat 
Captive-bred 5b Other fish Green (Etroplus suratensis)[212] and orange chromides (E. maculatus); Canara pearlspot (E. canarensis) - date uncertain India meat, pets 
Captive-bred 5b Other fish Yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus) - date uncertain the Caribbean Sea meat, tourism 
Captive-bred 5b Other fish Northern red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus)[213] - date uncertain the Gulf of Mexico meat, research 
Captive-bred 5b Other fish Greater (Seriola dumerili), Japanese (S. quinqueradiata) and yellowtail amberjacks (S. lalandi); longfin yellowtail (S. rivoliana)[214] [215] - date uncertain the Mediterranean Sea, Japan, Chile, Hawaii meat 
Captive-bred 5b Other fish Southern (Paralichthys lethostigma) and olive flounders (P. olivaceus)[216] - the 1980s (uncertain for P. lethostigma) the United States, Japan, China, Korea meat 
Captive-bred 5b Other fish European (Anguilla anguilla), Japanese (A. japonica), American (A. rostrata), short-finned (A. australis) and New Zealand longfin eels (A. dieffenbachii [217] [218] [219] [220] - date uncertain Europe, Asia, North America, Australia, New Zealand meat, research, medicine, pets 
Captive-bred 5b Other fish Sugarbag bee (Tetragonula carbonaria) and Indian stingless bee (T. iridipennis) - date uncertain Australia, India honey, wax, propolis, pollination 
Held/tame in captivity 6a Hymenoptera Dubia roach (Blaptica dubia) - date uncertain Central America, South America animal feed, pets 
Captive-bred 6b Other insects Mealworm (Tenebrio molitar) and superworm (Zophobas morio) - date uncertain Europe meat, animal feed, research 
Captive-bred 6b Other insects Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) - date uncertain the United States research 
Captive-bred 6b Other insects Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)[221] - date uncertain the United States meat, animal feed, pollination, decomposing 
Captive-bred 6b Other insects Waxworms (Achroia grisella and Galleria mellonella) - date uncertain Europe? meat, bait, animal feed, research 
Captive-bred 6b Other insects Mopane moth (Gonimbrasia belina)[222] - date uncertain Southern Africa meat, silk 
Captive-bred 6b Other insects American cockroach (Periplaneta americana)[223] - date uncertain North America meat, medicine, pets 
Captive-bred 6b Other insects Pacific beetle cockroach (Diploptera punctata)[224] [225] [226] [227] - date uncertain Hawaii research 
Captive-bred 6b Other insects Flame jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum)[228] - date uncertain China meat, medicine, pets 
Captive-bred 7c Other animals Giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini)[229] - date uncertain Japan, Korea meat, research, pets 
Captive-bred 7a Mollusca Common (Octopus vulgaris), common Sydney (O. tetricus), big blue (O. cyanea), Mexican four-eyed (O. maya), California two-spot (O. bimaculoides), Gould's (O. mimus), long arm (O. minor), Caribbean reef (O. briareus), Caribbean dwarf (O. mercatoris) and East Pacific red octopuses (O. rubescens)[230] [231] [232] [233] [234] [235] - date uncertain Europe, Asia, North America, Western Australia, Hawaii, the Caribbean Sea meat, ink, research, pets 
Captive-bred 7a Mollusca Webfoot (Amphioctopus fangsiao)[236] and coconut octopus (A. marginatus) - date uncertain South Korea, Sulawesi meat, research, pets 
Captive-bred 7a Mollusca Common periwinkle (Littorina littorea) - date uncertain Europe meat, shells 
Captive-bred 7a Mollusca Garden snail (Cornu aspersum) - date uncertain Europe meat, eggs, shells, slime, pets 
Captive-bred 7a Mollusca Giant Ghana African snail (Achatina achatina)[237] - date uncertain Ghana, Kenya meat, eggs, shells, slime, pets 
Captive-bred 7a Mollusca Giant East African (Lissachatina fulica)[238] and African land snails (L. albopicta) - date uncertain East Africa meat, shells, slime, education, pets 
Captive-bred 7a Mollusca Pacific (Eptatretus stoutii) and inshore hagfishes (E. burgeri)[239] [240] - date uncertain the United States, South Korea, Japan meat, skins, slime 
Captive-bred 5b Other fish Mangrove horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda)[241] - date uncertain Asia meat, eggs, blood, pets 
Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods Atlantic horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) - date uncertain North America meat, blood, research, pets 
Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods Japanese (Tachypleus tridentatus) and Indo-Pacific horseshoe crabs (T. gigas) - date uncertain Japan, China, India meat, blood, pets 
Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods Mud crab (Scylla serrata) - date uncertain Asia meat, pets 
Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods Flower crab (Portunus armatus)[242] [243] - date uncertain Australia meat 
Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods Spanner crab (Ranina ranina)[244] - date uncertain Australia meat 
Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods European (Homarus gammarus) and American lobsters (H. americanus)[245] [246] [247] - date uncertain Europe, the United States meat 
Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus), northern leopard frog (L. pipiens) and wood frog (L. sylvaticus) - date uncertain North America meat, education, research, pets 
Captive-bred 4a Anura Northern green frog (Lithobates clamitans melanota) - date uncertain North America pets 
Captive-bred 4a Anura Pool (Pelophylax lessonae) and marsh frogs (P. ridibundus)[248] - date uncertain Europe meat, pets 
Captive-bred 4a Anura Pig frog (Lithobates grylio) - date uncertain North America meat, pets 
Captive-bred 4a Anura Crab-eating frog (Fejervarya cancrivora) - date uncertain Java meat 
Captive-bred 4a Anura Chinese edible frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus) and Indus Valley bullfrog (H. tigerinus) - date uncertain China, Thailand meat, pets 
Captive-bred 4a Anura Chinese spiny frog (Quasipaa spinosa) - date uncertain China meat 
Captive-bred 4a Anura Edible dormouse (Glis glis)[249] - classical antiquity (date uncertain) Europe meat, fat, fur, pets 
Captured in the wild and fattened for food Extended in the wild, no longer kept in captivity 1d Rodentia Blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) - the 14th century CE Europe meat 
Captured in the wild or captive-bred Extended in the wild and in captivity 7a Mollusca New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) - the 1970s New Zealand meat 
Captured in the wild and captive-bred 7a Mollusca Purple dye murex (Bolinus brandaris) - classical antiquity (date uncertain) the central and western Mediterranean Sea Tyrian purple, meat 
Captive-bred No longer bred 7a Mollusca Banded dye-murex (Hexaplex trunculus) - classical antiquity (date uncertain) the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean near the Mediterranean Sea purple dye, meat 
Captive-bred No longer bred 7a Mollusca
Semi-domesticated. Three species extant but endangered in the wild. 2f Palaeognathae Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) including subspecies Sri Lankan (E. m. maximus), Indian (E. m. indicus), Sumatran (E. m. sumatranus), Bornean (E. m. borneensis) and formerly Syrian elephants (E. m. asurus)†[51] [52] [53] - 2000 BCE (uncertain for E. m. maximus, E. m. sumatranus, E. m. borneensis and E. m. asurus)† India, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Nepal, Borneo, China, Indochina, formerly Iran dung, working, hunting, fighting, racing, transportation, mount, patrol, worship, show Semi-domesticated (captured from the wild and tamed) Syrian subspecies extinct in the wild and in captivity; other subspecies somewhat common in captivity, but endangered in the wild[54] [55] 1e Other mammals Domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus domesticus) - 3000 BCE Fennoscandia, western Russia (possibly eastern Russia),[56] China, Mongolia meat, milk, leather, hides, antlers, transportation, mount, pets Semi-domesticated 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Gemsbok (Oryx gazella)[57] - date uncertain Southern Africa meat, hides, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Arabian ostrich or Syrian ostrich (Struthio camelus syriacus)†[58] - date uncertain Mesopotamia meat, eggs, feathers, sacrifices Extinct in the wild and in captivity 2f Palaeognathae Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) - date uncertain the Middle East, Egypt meat, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Dorcas gazelle (Gazella dorcas)[59] - date uncertain Egypt meat, hides, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana)[60] - date uncertain Egypt meat, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah) - 2320–2150 BCE Egypt meat, hides, horns, sacrifices Held/tame in captivity Small captive population, but nearly extinct in the wild 1b Bovidae Serval (Leptailurus serval)[61] - date uncertain Egypt pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Caracal (Caracal caracal)[62] - date uncertain Egypt, India, Southern Africa hunting, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) including subspecies Southeast African (A. j. jubatus), Northeast African (A. j. soemmeringii) and Asiatic cheetahs (A. j. venaticus)[63] [64] - date uncertain Egypt, India, the Middle East, South Africa hunting, tourism, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Bubal hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus)† - date uncertain Egypt meat, hides, horns, sacrifices Extinct in the wild and in captivity 1b Bovidae Wood duck (Aix sponsa) - date uncertain North America meat, pest control, ornamental, pets Held/tame in captivity 2a Anseriformes Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) - pre-modern China (date uncertain) China pest control, ornamental, pets Held/tame in captivity 2a Anseriformes Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus) - date uncertain Egypt meat, eggs, feathers, guarding, ornamental, pets Held/tame in captivity Common in the wild and in captivity, feral populations very common 2a Anseriformes Bar-headed goose (Anser indicus) - date uncertain Central Asia, South Asia meat, eggs, feathers, guarding, ornamental, pets Held/tame in captivity Common in the wild and in captivity, feral populations somewhat common 2a Anseriformes Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon) - ancient Egypt (date uncertain) Egypt pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis)[ citation needed ] - 5000 BCE China pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Common (Genetta genetta),[65] Cape (G. tigrina), pardine (G. pardina) and rusty-spotted genets (G. maculata) - date uncertain Africa pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) including subspecies Chinese (A. c. cerana), Indian (A. c. indica) and Japanese honey bees (A. c. japonica) - date uncertain South Asia, Thailand, Japan, China honey, wax, pollination Held/tame in captivity 6a Hymenoptera Common fallow (Dama dama) and Persian fallow deer (D. mesopotamica)[66] - 1000 BCE the Mediterranean Basin, the Levant meat, hides, antlers, pets Semi-domesticated 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae European medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis)[67] [68] - 800 BCE Europe, Asia bloodletting, surgery, therapy, research, saliva, pets Captive-bred 7b Annelida Cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) - 700–500 BCE[39] Chile, Peru, Mexico dye Held/tame in captivity Very common in the wild 6b Other insects Indian (Pavo cristatus) and green peafowl (P. muticus) - 500 BCE (uncertain for P. muticus) India, Java meat, feathers, ornamental, guarding, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity Fairly common in the wild 2b Galliformes Common hill myna (Gracula religiosa) - kept in ancient Greece, date of captive breeding uncertain Greece pets, talking bird Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes Rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri) including subspecies African (P. k. krameri) and Indian rose-ringed parakeets (P. k. manillensis) - classical antiquity (date uncertain) West Africa, India pets, talking bird Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Red deer (Cervus elaphus)[69] [70] including subspecies Caspian (C. e. maral), Norwegian (C. e. atlanticus) and Scottish red deer (C. e. scoticus) - ~0 CE China, Russia, Europe (including the United Kingdom), Iran meat, milk, leather, hides, antlers, velvet, pets Captive-bred 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Roman (Helix pomatia) and Turkish snails (H. lucorum) - 100 CE (uncertain for H. lucorum) Europe meat, eggs, shells, slime, pets Captive-bred 7a Mollusca Stingless bees (Melipona beecheii), (M. scutellaris), (M. bicolor), (M. quadrifasciata) and (M. subnitida) - 180 CE Mexico, the Amazon Basin honey, wax, propolis, pollination, pets Semi-domesticated 6a Hymenoptera White cockatoo (Cacatua alba) - the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE) China, Indonesia pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) including subspecies Triton (C. g. triton) and Eleonora cockatoos (C. g. eleonora) - date uncertain Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Great (Phalacrocorax carbo), Japanese (P. capillatus) and neotropic cormorants (P. brasilianus) - 960 CE (uncertain for P. brasilianus) China, Japan, Peru fishing Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Mute swan (Cygnus olor) - 1000-1500 CE Europe (including the United Kingdom) meat, feathers, ornamental, guarding, pets Semi-domesticated 2a Anseriformes House cricket (Acheta domesticus) - the 12th century CE Southwestern Asia, China, Japan meat, animal feed, fighting, pets Held in captivity Somewhat common in captivity, very common in the wild 6b Other insects Common (Coturnix coturnix) and Japanese quails (C. japonica) - 1100–1900 CE Eurasia, Japan meat, eggs, research, pets Domesticated in captivity 2b Galliformes Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) - 1200–1500 CE Europe, Asia meat, eggs, pets Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae Siamese fighting fish or betta (Betta splendens); Akar (B. akarensis), giant (B. anabantoides), slim (B. bellica), Toba (B. rubra), spotted (B. picta), Krabi mouth-brooding (B. simplex), Penang (B. pugnax), peaceful (B. imbellis), emerald green (B. smaragdina), spotfin (B. macrostoma), and Howong bettas (B. unimaculata) - the 19th century CE (uncertain for B. akarensis, B. anabantoides, B. bellica, B. rubra, B. picta, B. simplex, B. pugnax, B. imbellis, B. smaragdina, B. macrostoma and B. unimaculata) Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo fighting, show, pets Held/tame in captivity, very significant physical and slight behavioral changes Common in captivity 5b Other fish Java sparrow (Lonchura oryzivora) - the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644 CE) China pets Non-wild coloration pied and fancy colored Java sparrows from long Asian captivity lines are hand tamable Threatened in the wild 2d Passeriformes Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) including subspecies masked bobwhite (C. v. ridgwayi) - date uncertain the United States, Sonora meat, eggs, feathers, pets Captive-bred, plumage changes 2b Galliformes European goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) - date uncertain Europe pets, singing Captive-bred 2d Passeriformes Red-billed leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea) - date uncertain China, Japan pets, singing Captive-bred 2d Passeriformes Indian grey mongoose (Urva edwardsii) - date uncertain India pest control, fighting, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Gambian pouched (Cricetomys gambianus), southern giant pouched (C. ansorgei), and Emin's pouched rats (C. emini) - at least 1997,[71] but possibly the early 1990s (uncertain for C. emini and C. ansorgei) Sub-Saharan Africa meat, landmine detection, tuberculosis detection, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Indian palm squirrel (Funambulus palmarum) - date uncertain India pets Easy to tame 1d Rodentia Black (Francolinus francolinus) and grey francolins (F. pondicerianus) - date uncertain India, Pakistan meat, fighting, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Golden (Chrysolophus pictus) and Lady Amherst's pheasants (C. amherstiae) - date uncertain China ornamental, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Common (Phasianus colchicus) and green pheasants (P. versicolor) - date uncertain Asia, Japan meat, eggs, ornamental, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Sika deer (Cervus nippon)[72] - date uncertain China, Taiwan, Japan meat, hides, antlers, tourism, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Common eland (Taurotragus oryx) including subspecies East African (T. o. pattersonianus) and Livingstone's elands (T. o. livingstonii) - date uncertain Zimbabwe, South Africa, Kenya meat, milk, leather, hides, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) [73] - date uncertain the southeastern United States meat, hides, teeth, blood, pets Captive-bred Both species once uncommon in the wild; captive breeding has led to the American species recovering across and repopulating much of its range, while the Chinese species is nearly extinct in the wild 3d Other reptiles Eurasian elk or moose (Alces alces)[74] including subspecies Alaskan moose (A. a. gigas) - date uncertain Russia, Finland, Sweden, Alaska meat, milk, hides, antlers, working, draft, mount, transportation, research, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Masai ostrich (S. c. massaicus) - date uncertain North Africa, West Africa, East Africa meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, mount, racing, guarding, pets Semi-domesticated 2f Palaeognathae South African ostrich (Struthio camelus australis) - the 19th century CE Southern Africa meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, mount, racing, guarding, pets Semi-domesticated 2f Palaeognathae Somali ostrich (Struthio molybdophanes) - date uncertain Kenya meat, eggs, feathers, mount, racing, guarding, pets Semi-domesticated 2f Palaeognathae Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) - the 1850s Australia pets, show, talking bird Plumage changes, some breeds are physically larger Fairly common in the wild and in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) - the 1870s Australia pets, show, talking bird Held/tame in captivity Common in the wild and in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Tian Shan wapiti (Cervus canadensis songaricus) - date uncertain Russia, China meat, leather, hides, antlers, velvet, pets Captive-bred 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae European mink (Mustela lutreola) - the 1800s Europe, Russia fur Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Coypu or nutria (Myocastor coypus) - the late 19th to the early 20th century CE Argentina meat, fur, aquatic weed control, pets Captive-bred 1d Rodentia Guppy (Poecilia reticulata);[75] Cauca (P. caucana), Amazon (P. formosa), sailfin (P. latipinna), shortfin (P. mexicana), liberty (P. salvatoris), common (P. sphenops), and Yucatan mollies (P. velifera); Endler's livebearer (P. wingei) Guppy (Poecilia reticulata); Cauca (P. caucana), Amazon (P. formosa), sailfin (P. latipinna), shortfin (P. mexicana), liberty (P. salvatoris), common (P. sphenops), and Yucatan mollies (P. velifera); Endler's livebearer (P. wingei) date uncertain Barbados, Brazil, El Salvador, Guyana, Mexico, Venezuela bait, pest control, research, pets Held/tame in captivity 5b Other fish Common fruit fly or vinegar fly (Drosophila melanogaster) - the 1910s Australia, South Africa research, animal feed Captive-bred 6b Other insects Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) - the 1920s China research, biotechnology, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Rosy-faced (Agapornis roseicollis), yellow-collared (A. personatus), Fischer's (A. fischeri), black-cheeked (A. nigrigenis), black-winged (A. taranta), and red-headed lovebirds (A. pullarius) - the 1920s (uncertain for A. roseicollis, A. lilianae, A. nigrigenis, A. taranta, A. pullarius and A. canus) Africa, Madagascar pets Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Rainbowfish (Melanotaeniidae; various species and subspecies) - the 1920s northern and eastern Australia, New Guinea, islands in Cenderawasih Bay and the Raja Ampat Islands in Indonesia pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 5b Other fish Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) - the 1930s Syria, Turkey pets, research Domesticated 1d Rodentia Turkish hamster (Mesocricetus brandti) - the 20th century CE Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Turkey pets, research Domesticated 1d Rodentia Long-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) - the 1930s the Andes fur, research, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Short-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla chinchilla) - the 1930s the Andes fur Raised in captivity Critically endangered in the wild 1d Rodentia Water flea (Daphnia magna) - the 1930s North America, Eurasia, Africa research, animal feed Held/tame in captivity 6c Other arthropods African (Xenopus laevis) and western clawed frogs (X. tropicalis) - the 1950s (uncertain for X. tropicalis) Southern Africa, West Africa research, pets Captive-bred 4a Anura Sea-monkey (Artemia nyos) - the 1950s the United States pets, research Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods Ball (Python regius), Borneo (P. breitensteini), Sumatran short-tailed (P. curtus) and Brongersma's short-tailed pythons (P. brongersmai) - the 1960s (uncertain for P. breitensteini, P. curtus and P. brongersmai) Africa, India, Sumatra, Borneo, Malaysia pets Captive-bred 3a Serpentes Burmese python (Python bivittatus) including subspecies dwarf Burmese python (P. b. progschai)[76] [77] - date uncertain Myanmar, Thailand, Bali, Java, Sulawesi meat, skins, medicine, pets Captive-bred 3a Serpentes Campbell's dwarf (Phodopus campbelli), winter white dwarf (P. sungorus) and Roborovski dwarf hamsters (P. roborovskii) - the 1960s Mongolia, Russia, China pets, research Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum); tiger (A. tigrinum) and barred tiger salamanders (A. mavortium) - the 20th century CE (uncertain for A. tigrinum and A. mavortium) Mexico, the United States research, pets Slight physical changes Critically endangered in the wild 4b Other amphibians Palm cockatoo (Probosciger aterrimus) - date uncertain Australia, Papua New Guinea pets Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Common leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) including subspecies Afghan leopard gecko (E. m. afghanicus) - the 20th century CE (uncertain for E. m. afghanicus) Pakistan, Afghanistan pets Slight physical modification Somewhat common in captivity 3b Lacertilia American bison (Bison bison) including subspecies wood bison (B. b. athabascae) - the 20th century CE (uncertain for B. b. athabascae) North America meat, leather, hides, fiber, horns, guarding, pets Semi-domesticated 1b Bovidae Companion parrot (Psittaciformes; various species and subspecies)[78] [79] - the 1980s and 1990s Australia, Africa, Asia, North America, Central America, South America, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Fiji pets, show, talking bird, ornamental, guarding, education, therapy Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Turqoise (Neophema pulchella), blue-winged (N. chrysostoma), and scarlet-chested parrots (N. splendida) - the 20th century CE (uncertain for N. chrysostoma and N. splendida) Australia pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Green and black (Dendrobates auratus) and yellow-banded poison dart frogs (D. leucomelas) - the mid- to late 20th century CE Guyana, Suriname, Brazil, French Guiana, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela pets Slight physical changes; loss of toxicity 4a Anura Common kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula) including subspecies eastern (L. g. getula), California (L. g. californiae), Florida (L. g. floridana), Mexican black (L. g. nigrita), and Brooks' kingsnakes (L. g. brooksi) - date uncertain Arizona, Florida, Mexico, California pets Held/tame in captivity 3a Serpentes Grey-banded kingsnake (Lampropeltis alterna) - date uncertain Mexico, Guatemala, Arizona, Texas, California pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 3a Serpentes Thayer's kingsnake (Lampropeltis mexicana thayeri) - date uncertain Mexico pets Captive-bred 3a Serpentes Milk snake or house snake (Lampropeltis triangulum) including subspecies eastern (L. t. triangulum), Andean (L. t. andesiana), Mexican (L. t. annulata), Pueblan (L. t. campbelli), black (L. t. gaigeae), Honduran (L. t. hondurensis), Nelson's (L. t. nelsoni), and Sinaloan milk snakes (L. t. sinaloae) - date uncertain Guatemala, Mexico, Honduras, Colombia, Puebla, Panama, Sonora, Florida, Iowa, Alabama, Indiana, Tennessee pets Captive-bred 3a Serpentes Corn (Pantherophis gutttatus), western rat (P. obsoletus), and grey rat snakes (P. spiloides) - the 1960s (uncertain for P. alleghaniensis, P. bairdi, P. emoryi, P. gloydi, P. obsoletus,P. slowinskii, P. spiloides and P. vulpinus) the United States pets Slight physical changes Somewhat common in captivity, common in the wild 3a Serpentes Muskox (Ovibos moschatus)[80] - the 1960s the United States meat, milk, wool, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Siberian chipmunk (Eutamias sibiricus)[81] - the 1960s Russia pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Madagascar hissing (Gromphadorhina portentosa) and wide-horned hissing cockroaches (G. oblongonota) - the 1960s (uncertain for G. oblongonota) Madagascar pets Captive-bred 6b Other insects Eastern (Pogona barbata) and western bearded dragons (P. minor) - date uncertain Australia pets Slight physical changes 3b Lacertilia Central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) - the 1970s Australia pets Slight physical changes 3b Lacertilia Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)[82] - the 1970s China meat, algae control Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae Eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus) - the 1980s Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands pets Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Salmon-crested (Cacatua moluccensis), blue-eyed (C. ophthalmica), red-vented (C. haematuropygia) and Solomons cockatoos (C. ducorpsii); long-billed (C. tenuirostris), western (C. pastinator), little (C. sanguinea) and Tanimbar corellas (C. goffiniana) - the 1980s (uncertain for C. ophthalmica, C. haematuropygia, C. durcopsii, C. tenuirostris, C. pastinator, C. sanguinea and C. goffiniana) the Maluku Islands, Papua New Guinea, Australia, the Tanimbar Islands, the Philippines, the Solomon Islands pets, show, talking bird Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis) - date uncertain Australia pets Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals Sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps)[83] - the 1980s Australia pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals Rankin's dragon (Pogona henrylawsoni) - the 1980s Australia pets Held/tame in captivity 3b Lacertilia Buff-tailed (Bombus terrestris) and common eastern bumblebees (B. impatiens) - the 1980s (uncertain for B. impatiens) Europe (including the United Kingdom), North America wax, pollination Held/tame in captivity 6a Hymenoptera Greater (Rhea americana) and Darwin's rheas (R. pennata)[84] - the 1990s (uncertain for R. pennata) South America meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, pets Semi-domesticated 2f Palaeognathae Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) - the 1990s Australia meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, guarding, pets Semi-domesticated 2f Palaeognathae Giant eland (Taurotragus derbianus) - date uncertain West Africa meat, milk, leather, hides, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Common beisa (Oryx beisa beisa)[85] and fringe-eared oryxes (O. b. callotis) - date uncertain Kenya meat, leather, hides, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Common degu (Octodon degus) - the 1990s the Chilean Andes pets, research Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus); Persian (M. persicus), Libyan (M. libycus), Shaw's (M. shawi), Tristram's (M. tristrami) and Sundevall's jirds (M. crassus) - the 1990s (uncertain for M. persicus, M. libycus, M. shawi, M. tristrami and M. crassus) Mongolia, Algeria, Iran, Libya, Turkey, Egypt pets, research Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Green (Iguana iguana) and Lesser Antillean iguanas (I. delicatissima) - the 1990s (uncertain for I. delicatissima) South America, the Lesser Antilles meat, leather, pets Captive-bred 3b Lacertilia Carpet python (Morelia spilota) including subspecies diamond python (M. s. spilota); coastal (M. s. mcdowelli), inland (M. s. metcalfei), Darwin (M. s. variegata) and jungle carpet pythons (M. s. cheynei) - date uncertain Indonesia, Australia, New Guinea pets Captive-bred 3a Serpentes Green tree (Morelia viridis), southwestern (M. imbricata), rough-scaled (M. carinata) and Bredl's pythons (M. bredli) - the mid-1990s (uncertain for M. carinata and M. bredli) Indonesia, Australia, New Guinea pets Captive-bred 3a Serpentes Red-tailed black (Calyptorhynchus banksii), yellow-tailed black (C. funereus) and glossy black cockatoos (C. lathami) - the late 1990s (uncertain for C. funereus and C. lathami) Australia pets, education Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Pin-tailed (Erythrura prasina), tricolored (E. tricolor), tawny-breasted (E. hyperythra), blue-faced (E. trichroa), red-eared (E. coloria), red-throated (E. psittacea) and Fiji parrotfinches (E. pealii) - date uncertain Malaysia, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Timor, Australia, the Philippines, New Caledonia, Fiji and Thailand pets Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes Gouldian finch (Chloebia gouldiae) - the late 1990s Australia pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes Australian green (Ranoidea caerulea), orange-eyed (R. chloris), leaf green (R. phyllochroa), mountain stream (R. barringtonensis), magnificent (R. splendida), Blue Mountains (R. citropa) and dainty green tree frogs (R. gracilenta); growling grass frog (R. raniformis) - the late 20th century CE (uncertain for R. chloris, R. phyllochroa, R. barringtonensis, R. splendida, R. citropa, R. gracilenta and R. raniformis) Australia research, pets Captive-bred 4a Anura Argentine (Ceratophrys ornata), Brazilian (C. aurita), Venezuelan (C. calcarata), Surinam (C. cornuta), Caatinga (C. joazeirensis), Pacific (C. stolzmanni) and Cranwell's horned frogs (C. cranwelli) - the late 20th century CE (uncertain for C. aurita, C. calcarata, C. cornuta, C. joazeirensis, C. stolzmanni and C. cranwelli) Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Suriname, Ecuador pets Captive-bred 4a Anura Crucian (Carassius carassius), Japanese white crucian (C. cuvieri) and Prussian carp (C. gibelio); ginbuna (C. langdorfii) [86] - the 2000s (uncertain for C. cuvieri, C. gibelio and C. langdorfii) England, Russia, Japan meat, research, pets Domesticated 5a Cyprinidae King quail (Synoicus chinensis) - date uncertain Asia, Australia pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Small-billed tinamou (Crypturellus parvirostris) - date uncertain South America meat, eggs Held/tame in captivity 2f Palaeognathae Red-winged tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens)[87] - date uncertain South America meat, eggs Held/tame in captivity 2f Palaeognathae Common (Corvus corax), white-necked (C. albicollis) and Australian ravens (C. coronoides); carrion (C. corone), hooded (C. cornix), American (C. brachyrhynchos), pied (C. albus) and house crows (C. splendens); rook (C. frugilegus)[88] [89] [90] [91] [92] [93] [94] - date uncertain Europe, Africa, India, Australia, North America pest control, research, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes Southern ground (Bucorvus leadbeateri) and Abyssinian ground hornbills (B. abyssinicus) - date uncertain South Africa, Ethiopia pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Oriental darter (Anhinga melanogaster)[95] - date uncertain India fishing Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Southern (Chauna torquata) and northern screamers (C. chavaria) - date uncertain South America guarding Held/tame in captivity 2a Anseriformes Horned screamer (Anhima cornuta)[96] - date uncertain South America guarding Held/tame in captivity 2a Anseriformes Red-legged seriema (Cariama cristata) - date uncertain South America guarding Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Black-legged seriema (Chunga burmeisteri) - date uncertain South America guarding Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Golden (Aquila chrysaetos),[97]eastern imperial (A. heliaca), Spanish imperial (A. adalberti), wedge-tailed (A. audax), steppe (A. nipalensis), tawny (A. rapax), Bonelli's (A. fasciata) and Verreaux's eagles (A. verreauxii); African hawk-eagle (A. spilogaster) - date uncertain Europe, North America, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Africa, Australia falconry, intercepting, pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Bald (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)[98] [99] and white-tailed eagles (H. albicilla); African fish eagle (H. vocifer); white-bellied sea (H. leucogaster) and Steller's sea eagles (H. pelagicus) - date uncertain North America, Europe, Russia, Africa, Australia falconry, intercepting, pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Harris's hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi)[100] - date uncertain the United States falconry, pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Northern (Accipiter gentilis),[101] crested (A. trivirgatus) and African goshawks (A. tachiro); Cooper's (A. cooperii) and sharp-shinned hawks (A. striatus); Eurasian (A. nisus), Ovambo (A. ovampensis), collared (A. cirrocephalus), Japanese (A. gularis) and black sparrowhawks (A. melanoleucus); besra (A. virgatus); shikra (A. badius) - date uncertain Europe, Asia, Africa, North America falconry, pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo)[102] including subspecies western Siberian (B. b. sibiricus), eastern Siberian (B. b. yenisseensis) and Turkmenian eagle-owls (B. b. omissus) - date uncertain Europe, Russia, Turkmenistan pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) including subspecies northern great horned owl (B. v. subarcticus) - date uncertain Canada pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Tawny owl (Strix aluco)[103] - date uncertain Europe (including the United Kingdom) pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus) - date uncertain Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, the Atlantic and Caribbean regions of the Americas meat, eggs, pest control Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Puna ibis (Plegadis ridgwayi) - date uncertain Peru meat, eggs, pest control Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Wild boar (Sus scrofa)[104] [105] including subspecies Indian wild boar (S. s. cristatus) - date uncertain Europe (including the United Kingdom), Thailand meat, leather, hides, tusks, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Celebes warty pig (Sus celebensis) - date uncertain Sulawesi meat, tusks, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Red-necked (Macropus rufogriseus),[106] tammar (M. eugenii) and Parma wallabies (M. parma) - the 2000s (uncertain for M. eugenii and M. parma) Tasmania, South Australia, Western Australia, New South Wales lawn mowing, research, tourism, pets Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals Red kangaroo (Osphranter rufus)[107] - date uncertain Australia meat, leather, tourism, pets Held/tame in captivity 1e Other animals Tiger (Dasyurus maculatus), eastern (D. viverrinus), western (D. geoffroii) and northern quolls (D. hallucatus)[108] [109] [110] [111] - date uncertain Australia pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals Smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata)[112] - date uncertain Bangladesh fishing, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Beech (Martes foina),[113] [114] and yellow-throated martens (M. flavigula); sable (M. zibellina) - date uncertain Europe, Russia, India fur, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Fisher or Pennant's marten (Pekania pennanti) - date uncertain North America fur, pest control, research, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Least (M. nivalis), Siberian (Mustela sibirica)[115] and yellow-bellied weasels (M. kathiah); European polecat (M. putorius)[116] [117] - date uncertain Europe, Russia, India pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Greater (Galictis vittata) and lesser grisons (G. cuja) - date uncertain South America hunting, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Patagonian weasel (Lyncodon patagonicus) - date uncertain Argentina, Chile pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Northern raccoon (Procyon lotor)[118] - date uncertain North America pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora South American (Nasua nasua)[119] and white-nosed coati (N. narica) - date uncertain South America, Costa Rica pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Ringtail (Bassariscus astutus) and cacomistle (B. sumichrasti)[120] - date uncertain North America, Central America pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Southern (Tamandua tetradactyla) and northern tamanduas (T. mexicana)[121] [122] - date uncertain South America, Central America pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals Lowland (Cuniculus paca) and mountain pacas (C. taczanowskii) - date uncertain Mexico, Argentina, Ecuador meat, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Malayan (Hystrix brachyura),[123]Sunda (H. javanica), Indian crested (H. indica), African crested (H. cristata), Cape (H. africaeaustralis) and Philippine porcupines (H. pumila) - date uncertain Vietnam, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, India, Africa meat, quills, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Chinese bamboo (Rhizomys sinensis) and large bamboo rats (R. sumatrensis) - date uncertain China meat, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Lesser bamboo rat (Cannomys badius)[124] - date uncertain China, Laos meat, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Desmarest's hutia (Capromys pilorides) - date uncertain Cuba meat, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Steppe lemming (Lagurus lagurus) - date uncertain the Eurasian steppe pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Norway lemming (Lemmus lemmus) - the 20th century CE northern Fennoscandia pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Lesser Egyptian (Gerbillus gerbillus), greater Egyptian (G. pyramidum), pale (G. perpallidus) and pleasant gerbils (G. amoenus) - date uncertain Egypt, Libya pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Eurasian harvest mouse (Micromys minutus)[125] - date uncertain Europe pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia Northeastern (Ctenosaura acanthura), black (C. similis), and Mexican spiny-tailed iguana (C. pectinata) - date uncertain Mexico, Central America meat, pets Captive-bred 3b Lacertilia Chinese cobra (Naja atra)[126] - date uncertain China venom, skins, pets Captive-bred 3a Serpentes Crimson rosella (Platycercus elegans) including subspecies Adelaide (P. e. adelaidae) and yellow rosellas (P. e. flaveolus) - date uncertain Australia pets Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Western (Platycercus icterotis), green (P. caledonicus), pale-headed (P. adscitus) and northern rosellas (P. venustus) - date uncertain Australia pets Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Eastern rosella (Platycercus eximius) including subspecies golden-mantled rosella (P. e. elecica) - date uncertain Australia pets Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes Hispaniolan (Trachemys decorata), Colombian (T. callirostris), Cuban (T. decussata), D'Orbigny's (T. dorbigni), Nicaraguan (T. emolli), ornate (T. ornata), Jamaican (T. terrapen) and Meso-American sliders (T. venusta) - date uncertain Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic), Colombia, Cuba, Brazil, Uruguay, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Mexico, Jamaica pets Captive-bred 3c Testudines Pond slider (Trachemys scripta) including subspecies yellow-bellied (T. s. scripta), red-eared (T. s. elegans) and Cumberland sliders (T. s. troostii) - date uncertain the south-central and southeastern United States meat, pets Easy to tame Fairly common in captivity, common in the wild 3c Testudines Chinese softshell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)[127] - date uncertain China meat, pets Captive-bred 3c Testudines Chinese pond (Mauremys reevesii) and yellow pond turtles (M. mutica)[128] - date uncertain China meat, pets Captive-bred 3c Testudines Common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina)[129] - date uncertain Florida meat, pets Captive-bred 3c Testudines Golden coin turtle (Cuora trifasciata) - date uncertain China meat, pets Captive-bred 3c Testudines Wattle-necked softshell turtle (Palea steindachneri) - date uncertain China meat, pets Captive-bred 3c Testudines Keeled box turtle (Cuora mouhotii)[130] - date uncertain China meat, medicine, pets Captive-bred 3c Testudines Arrau turtle (Podocnemis expansa)[131] - date uncertain Brazil meat, pets Captive-bred 3c Testudines Saltwater (Crocodylus porosus), Nile (C. niloticus), West African (C. suchus), mugger (C. palustris), American (C. acutus), Cuban (C. rhombifer), Morelet's (C. moreletii), Orinoco (C. intermedius), freshwater (C. johnsoni), Siamese (C. siamensis), Philippine (C. mindorensis) and New Guinea crocodiles (C. novaeguineae)[132] [133] [134] [135] [136] [137] - date uncertain Florida, Cuba, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Africa, Iran, India, Thailand, Myanmar, Sumatra, Borneo, the Philippines, Australia, Papua New Guinea meat, hides, teeth, blood, fat, guarding, tourism, show, pets Captive-bred 3d Other reptiles Crimson (Neochmia phaeton), and red-browed finches (N. temporalis) - date uncertain New Guinea, Australia pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes Star finch (Bathilda ruficauda) - date uncertain Australia pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes Plum-headed finch (Aidemosyne modesta) - date uncertain Australia pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes Grey partridge (Perdix perdix) - date uncertain Hungary, the United Kingdom meat, eggs, feathers, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Red-legged (Alectoris rufa), chukar (A. chukar), Philby's (A. philbyi), Arabian (A. melanocephala) and Barbary partridges (A. barbara) - date uncertain France, Afghanistan, North Africa, Yemen, Oman meat, eggs, feathers, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Chinese bamboo (Bambusicola thoracicus) and mountain bamboo partridges (B. fytchii) - date uncertain China, India meat, eggs, feathers, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus) - date uncertain Nepal meat, eggs, feathers, ornamental, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Kalij (Lophura leucomelanos), Swinhoe's (L. swinhoii), Salvadori's (L. inornata), silver (L. nycthemera) and Edwards's pheasants (L. edwardsi); Siamese fireback (L. diardi) - date uncertain Nepal, Taiwan, Vietnam, Sumatra, China, Thailand meat, eggs, feathers, ornamental, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Red (Gallus gallus), green (G. varius), grey (G. sonneratii) and Sri Lankan junglefowl (G. lafayettii) - date uncertain India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Java meat, eggs, feathers, ornamental, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Scaled (Callipepla squamata), elegant (C. douglasii), Gambel's (C. gambelii) and California quails (C. californica) - date uncertain Mexico, Utah, California meat, eggs, feathers, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus) - date uncertain California meat, eggs, feathers, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae) - date uncertain Mexico meat, eggs, feathers, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Vulturine guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum) - date uncertain Ethiopia meat, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Harlequin (Coturnix delegorguei), rain (C. coromandelica) and stubble quails (C. pectoralis) - date uncertain Africa, India, Australia meat, eggs, feathers, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes Edible-nest swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus)[138] - date uncertain Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore nests Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds Tarantulas (Theraphosidae, various species and subspecies)[139] - date uncertain North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia research, venom, pets Captive-bred Common in captivity, becoming rare in the wild 6c Other arthropods Crested (Correlophus ciliatus) and suras geckos (C. sarasinorum) - date uncertain New Caledonia pets Captive-bred Somewhat common in captivity, nearly extinct in the wild 3b Lacertilia Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris)[140] - date uncertain Florida meat Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals Roan (Hippotragus equinus)[141] and sable antelopes (H. niger)[142] - date uncertain South Africa meat, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros),[143] nyala (T. angasii),[144] and Cape bushbuck (T. sylvaticus) - date uncertain South Africa meat, hides, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Blue (Connochaetes taurinus)[145] and black wildebeest (C. gnou)[146] - date uncertain South Africa, Kenya meat, leather, hides, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Bontebok (Damaliscus pygargus pygargus) including subspecies blesbok (D. p. phillipsi)[147] - date uncertain South Africa meat, hides, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus)[148] - date uncertain India, Pakistan meat, hides, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Scaly-breasted munia (Lonchura punctulata) - date uncertain Southeast Asia pets, research Slight physical changes Fairly common in the wild and in captivity 2d Passeriformes Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) - date uncertain India, Pakistan meat, hides, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Chinkara (Gazella bennettii) - date uncertain India, Pakistan meat, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis)[149] - date uncertain South Africa meat, hides, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia)[150] - date uncertain North Africa meat, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae African buffalo (Syncerus caffer)[151] [152] - date uncertain South Africa meat, leather, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae Collared peccary (Pecari tajacu)[153] - date uncertain Brazil meat, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae South African giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa) - date uncertain South Africa tourism, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Thorold's deer (Cervus albirostris)[154] - date uncertain China meat, antlers Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae White-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus)[155] and mule deer (O. hemionus) - date uncertain Virginia, West Virginia, Florida, Montana, Canada, Colombia meat, hides, antlers, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Chital or axis deer (Axis axis) - date uncertain India meat, hides, antlers, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Water deer (Hydropotes inermis) - date uncertain China meat, tusks, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Dwarf (Moschus berezovskii), alpine (M. chrysogaster), white-bellied (M. leucogaster) and Siberian musk deer (M. moschiferus)[156] [157] [158] - date uncertain China, India, Russia meat, hides, tusks, musk Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Guanaco (Lama guanicoe)[159] - date uncertain Peru fiber, guarding, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Vicuña (Vicugna vicugna)[160] - date uncertain Peru fiber, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae Southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)[161] - date uncertain South Africa horns Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)[162] - date uncertain South Africa horns Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals Fishing (Prionailurus viverrinus) and rusty-spotted cats (P. rubiginosus)[163] [164] - date uncertain India pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta)[165] [166] [167] [168] - date uncertain South Africa, Ethiopia, Nigeria hunting, guarding, waste management, tourism, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Common (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and Japanese raccoon dogs (N. viverrinus) - date uncertain China, Japan fur, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnvora Red (Vulpes vulpes), Arctic (V. lagopus), swift (V. velox), kit (V. macrotis), fennec (V. zerda),[169] corsac (V. corsac) and pale foxes (V. pallida) - date uncertain Europe, North America, North Africa, Sudan, Central Asia fur, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Grey (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and island foxes (U. littoralis)[170] - date uncertain the eastern United States, the Channel Islands, California pelts, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis) - date uncertain Africa pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous)[171] - date uncertain South America pest control, pets Easy to tame 1c Carnivora Eurasian (C. l. lupus), Iberian (C. l. signatus), steppe (C. l. campestris), Mongolian (C. l. chanco), Arabian (C. l. arabs), Indian (C. l. pallipes), Arctic (C. l. arctos), Greenland (C. l. orion) and northwestern wolves (C. l. occidentalis)[172] [173] [174] [175] [176] [177] [178] [179] [180] [181] - date uncertain Europe, Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, the Middle East, Canada, Greenland hunting, guarding, pest control, draft, research, education, therapy, tourism, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Coyote (Canis latrans)[182] - date uncertain North America pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Side-striped jackal (Lupulella adusta)[183] - date uncertain South Africa pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Meerkat or suricate (Suricata suricatta)[184] [185] - date uncertain South Africa pest control, research, education, therapy, tourism, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Common kusimanse (Crossarchus obscurus) - date uncertain West Africa pets, pest control Captive-bred 1c Carnivora Ruddy (Urva smithii)[186] and Javan mongoose (U. javanicus)[187] - date uncertain India, Southeast Asia pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora Kissing gourami (Helostoma temminckii) - date uncertain Thailand, Indonesia meat, pets Domesticated 5b Other fish Giant (Osphronemus goramy),[188] [189] giant red tail (O. laticlavius) and elephant ear gouramis (O. exodon) - date uncertain Southeast Asia meat, weed control, pets Captive-bred 5b Other fish Red-bellied (Pygocentrus nattereri), piraya (P. piraya) and black spot piranha (P. cariba) - date uncertain South America meat, teeth, research, pets Semi-domesticated Fairly common in captivity, common in the wild 5b Other fish Atlantic bluefin (Thunnus thynnus), Pacific bluefin (T. orientalis), southern bluefin (T. maccoyii), yellowfin (T. albacares) and bigeye tunas (T. obesus); albacore or longfin tuna (T. alalunga)[190] [191] - date uncertain Europe, East Asia, Australia, Hawaii, North America meat, eggs Captive-bred 5b Other fish European sea (Acipenser sturio), white (A. transmontanus), shortnose (A. brevirostrum), Persian (A. persicus), Siberian (A. baerii), Adriatic (A. naccarii) and starry sturgeons (A. stellatus)[192] [193] [194] [195] - date uncertain Europe, Alaska, California, Canada, Iran, Russia, Albania, the Aegean Sea meat, eggs, pets Captive-bred 5b Other fish Malabar (Epinephelus malabaricus), giant (E. lanceolatus), greasy (E. tauvina), areolate (E. areolatus), dusky (E. marginatus), wavy-lined (E. undulosus), six-bar (E. sexfasciatus) and orange-spotted groupers (E. coioides)[196] [197] [198] - date uncertain Asia, Australia, Fiji, South Africa, Italy, the Indo-Pacific meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) - date uncertain Europe, Asia, North America meat, eggs Captive-bred 5b Other fish Masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) including subspecies amago (O. m. macrostomus) - date uncertain Russia, Japan, Korea meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (S. trutta) - date uncertain Europe (including the United Kingdom), Alaska, Canada, Chile, Russia, Australia, Tasmania meat, eggs Captive-bred 5b Other fish Barramundi (Lates calcarifer),[199] Japanese lates (L. japonicus) and Nile perch (L. niloticus)[200] - date uncertain the United Kingdom, Poland, the United States, India, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Australia, Japan, Africa meat, pets Captive-bred 5b Other fish Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) - date uncertain the United States, Asia, Panama, Mexico meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish European bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) - date uncertain Europe meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish Milkfish (Chanos chanos)[201] - date uncertain the Philippines, Taiwan, Indonesia meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish Northern pike (Esox lucius)[202] - date uncertain Europe meat, eggs, research, pets Captive-bred 5b Other fish Alligator (Atractosteus spatula), Cuban (A. tristoechus) and tropical gars (A. tropicus)[203] [204] [205] - date uncertain North America, Cuba, Costa Rica meat, pets Captive-bred 5b Other fish Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) - date uncertain China meat, weed control Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) - date uncertain China meat, pest control, medicine Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) - date uncertain China meat Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae Giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis)[206] - date uncertain Vietnam meat, pets Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae Arapaima (Arapaima gigas)[207] [208] - date uncertain the Amazon Basin meat, pets Captive-bred 5b Other fish Wels catfish (Silurus glanis)[209] - date uncertain Europe meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish Iridescent shark (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and Mekong giant catfish (P. gigas)[210] - date uncertain Southeast Asia meat, pets Captive-bred 5b Other fish Flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus)[211] - date uncertain California, Colorado meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish Green (Etroplus suratensis)[212] and orange chromides (E. maculatus); Canara pearlspot (E. canarensis) - date uncertain India meat, pets Captive-bred 5b Other fish Yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus) - date uncertain the Caribbean Sea meat, tourism Captive-bred 5b Other fish Northern red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus)[213] - date uncertain the Gulf of Mexico meat, research Captive-bred 5b Other fish Greater (Seriola dumerili), Japanese (S. quinqueradiata) and yellowtail amberjacks (S. lalandi); longfin yellowtail (S. rivoliana)[214] [215] - date uncertain the Mediterranean Sea, Japan, Chile, Hawaii meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish Southern (Paralichthys lethostigma) and olive flounders (P. olivaceus)[216] - the 1980s (uncertain for P. lethostigma) the United States, Japan, China, Korea meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish European (Anguilla anguilla), Japanese (A. japonica), American (A. rostrata), short-finned (A. australis) and New Zealand longfin eels (A. dieffenbachii [217] [218] [219] [220] - date uncertain Europe, Asia, North America, Australia, New Zealand meat, research, medicine, pets Captive-bred 5b Other fish Sugarbag bee (Tetragonula carbonaria) and Indian stingless bee (T. iridipennis) - date uncertain Australia, India honey, wax, propolis, pollination Held/tame in captivity 6a Hymenoptera Dubia roach (Blaptica dubia) - date uncertain Central America, South America animal feed, pets Captive-bred 6b Other insects Mealworm (Tenebrio molitar) and superworm (Zophobas morio) - date uncertain Europe meat, animal feed, research Captive-bred 6b Other insects Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) - date uncertain the United States research Captive-bred 6b Other insects Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)[221] - date uncertain the United States meat, animal feed, pollination, decomposing Captive-bred 6b Other insects Waxworms (Achroia grisella and Galleria mellonella) - date uncertain Europe? meat, bait, animal feed, research Captive-bred 6b Other insects Mopane moth (Gonimbrasia belina)[222] - date uncertain Southern Africa meat, silk Captive-bred 6b Other insects American cockroach (Periplaneta americana)[223] - date uncertain North America meat, medicine, pets Captive-bred 6b Other insects Pacific beetle cockroach (Diploptera punctata)[224] [225] [226] [227] - date uncertain Hawaii research Captive-bred 6b Other insects Flame jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum)[228] - date uncertain China meat, medicine, pets Captive-bred 7c Other animals Giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini)[229] - date uncertain Japan, Korea meat, research, pets Captive-bred 7a Mollusca Common (Octopus vulgaris), common Sydney (O. tetricus), big blue (O. cyanea), Mexican four-eyed (O. maya), California two-spot (O. bimaculoides), Gould's (O. mimus), long arm (O. minor), Caribbean reef (O. briareus), Caribbean dwarf (O. mercatoris) and East Pacific red octopuses (O. rubescens)[230] [231] [232] [233] [234] [235] - date uncertain Europe, Asia, North America, Western Australia, Hawaii, the Caribbean Sea meat, ink, research, pets Captive-bred 7a Mollusca Webfoot (Amphioctopus fangsiao)[236] and coconut octopus (A. marginatus) - date uncertain South Korea, Sulawesi meat, research, pets Captive-bred 7a Mollusca Common periwinkle (Littorina littorea) - date uncertain Europe meat, shells Captive-bred 7a Mollusca Garden snail (Cornu aspersum) - date uncertain Europe meat, eggs, shells, slime, pets Captive-bred 7a Mollusca Giant Ghana African snail (Achatina achatina)[237] - date uncertain Ghana, Kenya meat, eggs, shells, slime, pets Captive-bred 7a Mollusca Giant East African (Lissachatina fulica)[238] and African land snails (L. albopicta) - date uncertain East Africa meat, shells, slime, education, pets Captive-bred 7a Mollusca Pacific (Eptatretus stoutii) and inshore hagfishes (E. burgeri)[239] [240] - date uncertain the United States, South Korea, Japan meat, skins, slime Captive-bred 5b Other fish Mangrove horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda)[241] - date uncertain Asia meat, eggs, blood, pets Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods Atlantic horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) - date uncertain North America meat, blood, research, pets Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods Japanese (Tachypleus tridentatus) and Indo-Pacific horseshoe crabs (T. gigas) - date uncertain Japan, China, India meat, blood, pets Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods Mud crab (Scylla serrata) - date uncertain Asia meat, pets Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods Flower crab (Portunus armatus)[242] [243] - date uncertain Australia meat Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods Spanner crab (Ranina ranina)[244] - date uncertain Australia meat Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods European (Homarus gammarus) and American lobsters (H. americanus)[245] [246] [247] - date uncertain Europe, the United States meat Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus), northern leopard frog (L. pipiens) and wood frog (L. sylvaticus) - date uncertain North America meat, education, research, pets Captive-bred 4a Anura Northern green frog (Lithobates clamitans melanota) - date uncertain North America pets Captive-bred 4a Anura Pool (Pelophylax lessonae) and marsh frogs (P. ridibundus)[248] - date uncertain Europe meat, pets Captive-bred 4a Anura Pig frog (Lithobates grylio) - date uncertain North America meat, pets Captive-bred 4a Anura Crab-eating frog (Fejervarya cancrivora) - date uncertain Java meat Captive-bred 4a Anura Chinese edible frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus) and Indus Valley bullfrog (H. tigerinus) - date uncertain China, Thailand meat, pets Captive-bred 4a Anura Chinese spiny frog (Quasipaa spinosa) - date uncertain China meat Captive-bred 4a Anura Edible dormouse (Glis glis)[249] - classical antiquity (date uncertain) Europe meat, fat, fur, pets Captured in the wild and fattened for food Extended in the wild, no longer kept in captivity 1d Rodentia Blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) - the 14th century CE Europe meat Captured in the wild or captive-bred Extended in the wild and in captivity 7a Mollusca New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) - the 1970s New Zealand meat Captured in the wild and captive-bred 7a Mollusca Purple dye murex (Bolinus brandaris) - classical antiquity (date uncertain) the central and western Mediterranean Sea Tyrian purple, meat Captive-bred No longer bred 7a Mollusca Banded dye-murex (Hexaplex trunculus) - classical antiquity (date uncertain) the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean near the Mediterranean Sea purple dye, meat Captive-bred No longer bred 7a Mollusca Animals That Are Easy to Care for
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_domesticated_animals
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